The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. IV, p. 459. What is the "mournful wail" that gives Douglass the topic for his speech? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. [59] Douglass, African Civilization Society, February, 1859, in Life and Writings, Vol. ventana canyon golf membership fees; what ships are in port at norfolk naval base? The counterclaim is just one of the four elements of an argument, which include: Claim - to assert facts that give rise to a legally enforceable right or judicial action. A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. You really want a new cell phone, after all. Because they can defend for theirselves, their thoughts, and beliefs, Give an example of a disparity that you have noticed between two groups III, p. 420. The Belgian horse team, plus the faithful dog, _____ a fine addition to the parade. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? After the hook, there is a transition statement (or statements) that connects the hook to the author's thesis. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. [23] See especially Douglass, The Doom of the Black Power, July 27, 1855, in Life and Writings, Vol. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? IV, p. 253. Claims are not just opinions. Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. Another way to organize the body of the essay is to spend two paragraphs discussing reasons and providing evidence for support and using the third body paragraph to address a counterclaim. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. Although, Douglass is able to be direct our thoughts to these experiences in such a light, you feel as if you are witnessing it happen right before you. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. Below is an example of an effective claim, supported by reason and on-topic, credible evidence, followed by an effective counterclaim that disagrees with and disproves the claim through its own reasoning, evidence to support the counterclaims, as well as an effective rebuttal to the counterclaim with evidence of its own. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. Counterclaim - Argumentative Essay - Kennett Middle School Library work!!! A claim of policy is an argument in support of, in opposition or, or for the alteration of an existing policy, law, or mandate. For a standard 5-paragraph essay, the introduction is one paragraph and contains the thesis statement, or overall claim for the essay. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. Speaking in 1993 to a black congregation at the Memphis church where King had delivered the final sermon of his life, President Bill Clinton lamented that King did not live and die to see the American family destroyed or for the freedom of people to kill each other with reckless abandon.[3]. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. Let him alone![33], This response epitomizes Douglasss career-long insistence on the cultivation of self-reliant virtue as the primary means of elevation from the degraded condition in which many years of slavery and proscription had left most black Americans. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. Douglass labored throughout his postwar career to preserve and propagate this enlarged, moralized understanding among a war-weary loyalist population longing for reunion and a stable peace. The 4 parts of an argumentative essay are the claim, counterclaim, reasoning, and evidence. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. 2. Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. No people can make desirable progress or have permanent welfare outside of their own independent and earnest efforts. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. 202203 (emphasis added). Undaunted by these setbacks, however, he maintained to the end a strenuous schedule of speaking and writing, laboring to remind the succeeding generations that there was a right side and a wrong side in the late war and to propagate his undying faith in the mission and promise of America. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. He barely knew his mother, who died shortly before or after he turned eight years old. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? - Brainly.com In a formal paper, you might say something like, 'It is necessary for me to obtain a new cell phone.' Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. IV, p. 183. Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. IV, p. 459. They that can, may; I cannot. Conclusion--The conclusion of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. A claim of fact (or a factual claim) is a claim arguing that something is or is not true. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Again in contrast to more radical critics in his day and our own, Douglass insisted that these persisting abuses by the class of former slaveholders constituted clear violations, not legitimate applications and not refutations, of the natural right of property. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - laque.com.my If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . The charge of a pro-slavery Constitution was a slander upon [the] memory of the Framers, he contended; interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a glorious liberty document. Consider the constitution according to its plain reading, Douglass continued, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. V, pp. Mark them![15], In truth, Douglass had long admired the Declaration and the Revolution; but now, having broken with the Garrisonian variant of abolitionism, he had come to admire the whole of the Founding, because he had come to judge the Constitution to be faithful to the saving principles of the Declaration. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com In the speech, Douglass makes a claim. Aside from all the, Patrick Henry once said, give me liberty, or give me death. In the eyes of Frederick Douglass and countless others enslaved, this took on a much deeper meaning to them. Why, or why not? It means uplifting the soul of man into the glorious light of truth, the light by which men can only be made free.[53]. IV, p. 319. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. IV, ed. Various options can be effective: 1. H e engages in a fight with his master. II, p. 375. I explain Douglasss argument more elaborately in Frederick Douglass, pp. I was a man now.[9]. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that, 2. Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. How might a group of people denounce a government policy? Add an answer. The main parts of an argument are: An error occurred trying to load this video. Slavery was brought to America in the 1600s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [31] Douglass, Our Composite Nationality, December 7, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [45] The manuscript is available in the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress (Speech, Article, and Book File; Miscellany, Folder 7 of 20) and also online at the librarys Douglass Papers Web site, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. This seemingly contrarian hopefulness was no mere exercise in morale-boosting. How does Douglass refute this counterclaim? [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. Frederick. While conceding that these critics have a point, Peter C. Myers faults them for embracing a radical critique of America that rejects Americas founding principles as racist, abandons the goal of integration, and fosters alienation. Most enslaved people did not resist so openly, and fewer still ran away as Douglass did, but all, he makes clear, struggled to retain their humanity in the face of slavery's brutality. Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. 7282. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. Concluding his July Fourth oration in 1852, he reassured his audience, I do not despair of this country. He allowed that Lincolns election has demonstrated the possibility of electingan anti-slavery reputation to the Presidency of the United States.[24] But an anti-slavery reputation was a far cry from a genuine abolitionist, in Douglasss estimation, and Douglass at first expected little of Lincoln, who did not share his radically abolitionist reading of the Constitution. This is called the counterclaim. Accessed 4 Mar. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. A counterclaim is the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. [18] Douglass, The Republican PartyOur Position, in Life and Writings, Vol. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' IV, pp. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. All of the violence and the degradation was intended, Douglass makes clear, to rob African-Americans of their humanity. the debate over slavery? As he gathered his energies to prepare yet another lecture on the imperative of equal justice for all, he suffered a sudden heart attack or stroke and died on February 20, 1895. Argumentative Writing - ELA.8.C.1.3: Write to argue a position, supporting at least one claim and rebutting at least one counterclaim with logical reasoning, credible evidence from sources . According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? Your argument can be summed up quickly. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Human nature cannot honor one who is helpless, Douglass had observed long before, but it is bound to respect those who display a forceful, virtuous self-reliance. Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. Americas mission and destiny are to supply the [most] perfect national illustration of the unity and dignity of the human family that the world has ever seen. This is the essential bequest of our fundamental principles of government, world-embracing in their scope and character.[31] The Union victory, in Douglasss view, signified a momentous victory for a grand politics of integration. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. For radical critics, Americas betrayals of the ideals of liberty and equality for all are betrayals in the nations founding principles rather than betrayals of them. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - tiebe.gay Frederick Douglass's speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" has many of the elements of a good argumentative structure. [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. OR. Douglass wanted to show his opposition to slavery and knew he would meet many criticisms. All measures devisedto allay and diminish the antislavery agitation, have only served to increase, intensify, and embolden that agitation.[22]. Douglass says that laws in the South are anti-black. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. [30] Life and Writings, Vol. To reaffirm the old integrationist faith in America, Myers turns to the renowned 19th century abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Enter code 3716 for 10% Discount on all ELA and Reading Intervention Programs. . So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. If you've ever watched a detective show, then you know evidence. (make). This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. Facebook Instagram. To find an adequate measure of compensation for any wrong, Douglass explained, we must first ascertain the nature and extent of the wrong itself. The extent of the wrongs of slavery over hundreds of years simply beggared any possible response. In this reassuring view, the era of momentous reforms that Kings speech and actions did much to elicit vindicates the character of America, displaying the nations renewed determination to make good on its original commitment to securing the equal natural rights of all its members. As he explained to an audience of Boston abolitionists in early 1862, fair play meant that the ruling majority should do nothing with us, by us, or for us as a particular class. [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. It did much more, that is, than convey the Framers general disapproval of slavery and their design to recognize slavery only as a local institution, to tolerate it only as a necessary, temporary evil, and to contain its expansion to the end of promoting its eventual abolition. After Douglass escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. To many, the U.S. war with Mexico in 1846 signified an imperialist effort to expand the number and power of slaveholding states at the national level, and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, Douglass would call it[12]effectively nationalized slavery, conscripting non-slaveholding states and citizens in the recapture of persons fleeing for freedom. IV, p. 436. Another is that slavery is an institution fundamentally based on violence, telling the story of the vicious beatings an aunt of his would often receive: I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. [45] Two things are noteworthy about this proposal. This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. It is an effort to cast out Satan by Beelzebub. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. As for the kind of cradle-to-grave care slaves get, Douglass graphically describes the frequent and brutal beatings his master, Mr. Auld, dealt out, and then discusses his own treatment as a child slave on the plantation. Even Christianity was corrupted by slavery, he points out.

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