The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. Congressmen? They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. Who were the Exodusters? After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. Yes, a few. How did whites regain political control in the south? Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. Return to slavery in a different way. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. The Radical. endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>stream Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. A bill was introduced in February 1866 to reauthorize the oneyearold Freedmen's Bureau and allow it to try in military courts persons accused of depriving former slaves of their rights. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. Would he or she feel anger over, anything? Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. It abolished slavery in the United States. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. universal male suffrage, pF{:RTV Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s one of the closest races in American history. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee 75RockiCr ? _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. Lincoln "pocket-vetoed" this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned. African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. the South divided into 5 military districts, It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. %%EOF Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. The amendments created to protect black freedoms seemed like a huge step in the right What happened to black a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north What happened to white small farmers during this time? The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. D 7. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Who had been his early political supporters? WebWhat is Reconstruction? It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. 0 Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Alexander Stephens. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. The WadeDavis Bill was proposed by the Radical Republicans who sought to punish the South for their rebellion and to reinforce the expectation of loyalty and obedience to the federal government. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. Andrew Johnson. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". bookmarked pages associated with this title. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream 5. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. Did it accomplish anything? As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. HUn0+(cj , @X! He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Nursing care plan about Risk for fetal injury related to shoulder dystocia? Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. Hayes would be president with the understanding that he would deal 'justly' with the south (leave them alone and allow them to restore white supremacy. A Democrat and the only senator from the South who remained loyal to the Union, Johnson at first seemed ready to take a hard line against the former Confederacy. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Blacks were required to either sign labor contracts or face arrest for vagrancy, and they were not allowed to serve on juries or testify in court. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Explain your choice. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. In the Senate? WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. TQSCQIf@*$ More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. Who did it benefit? Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. The speeches backfired. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. for freed slaves. Who were its members? Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. still conservative Republicans. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. What was the congressional response? Sharecropping. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877.