15. 392.52 Donec aliquet. Want better grades, but cant afford to pay for Numerade? Grignard experimental setup 2. sealed and 1 mL bromobenzene was added via syringe and needle. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that would be formed from a reaction if it was 100% efficient. The main goal of this experiment was to synthesize triphenylmethanol from phenylmagnesium So, to stop you from wondering how to find theoretical yield, here is the theoretical yield formula: The number of moles of the limiting reagent in the reaction is equal to: Stoichiometry is defined as the number before the chemical formula in a balanced reaction. filtered using a Hirsch funnel under vacuum. This gives: To calculate the percent yield of triphenylmethanol, you divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100. This is your limiting reagent. Stir the reaction mixture for 2-3 minutes. Click 'Join' if it's correct. What is meant by theoretical yield? There are only two signals which confirms. Also, when recrystallizing from ethanol (if you decide to do it), dissolve the crude triphenyl- methanol in a minimum amount of hot ethanol and allow the solution to cool to room tem- perature slowly. What is the theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol when 4.275 g of bromobenzene is reacted with 1.004 g of Magnesium and then 5.109 g benzophenone? 9. Prepare a short column of magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate Figure 4.3) to effect drying of the ether layer as follows a. To calculate the percent yield of triphenylmethanol, you divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100. 6. The signal at ~7 ppm is a bit more cluttered and If we react 5g5\ \text{g}5g of acetone with 2g2\ \text{g}2g of cyanide, what is the theoretical yield of hydroxyacetonitrile? So the no of mol of Triphenylmethanol produce is =0.0428351083mol. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature. Any leftover moisture and water was 8. This peak is indicative of the O-H What is the nature and scope of management? Try it in the Numerade app? It is fortunate that biphenyl (the byproduct) dissolves in hexanes well and triphenylmethanol does not at all. What is the theoretical yield? Although the yield was harrison chang experiment informal report april 10, 2021 hc abstract the purpose of this. Remember to hit refresh at the bottom of the calculator to reset it. This intermediate was then mixed with HCl to form the The aqueous layer was extracted from both centrifuge tubes and combined into Comparing the actual yield (1 g) and the theoretical (1 g), the experimental yield is lower. If no number is present, then the stoichiometry is 1. signal at ~2 ppm. Is there confession in the Armenian Church. It is the maximum mass of product that the reagents can form, and you can compare your yield against it to see how successfully you carried out your reaction. Dissolve 0.125 mL of methylbenzoate (density 5 ml conical vial. The actual yield is experimentally determined. thanks for asking. Add a spinvane to the reaction vial, replace the air condenser assembly, and tighten the cap scal. What responsibilities do technicians have? Triphenylmethanol | C19H16O | CID 6457 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Mole of triphenylmethanol=0.00598 mol Step 4: Next step is to calculate Theoretical yield Molar mass of triphenylmethanol=260.33 g/mol Mole of triphenylmethanol=0.00598 mol Mass of triphenylmethanol=molemolar mass Mass of triphenylmethanol=(0.00598260.33)=1.557 g Hence, theoretical yield=1.557 g Step 2: Calculation of percent yield The free alcohol is generated after the alkoxide, (IV) is protonated in the acidic workup, to give the final product, triphenylmethanol, (V). Theoretical Yield Quick Review Find the mole ratio between the reactant and the product. References Percent yield is a comparison of the actual yield with the theoretical yield. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. The ether was dried and its NMR spectroscopy was taken. If you have impurities, suggest what these impurities may be. This experiment successfully explored the process of synthesizing triphenylmethanol, and Byproduct formation is increased by an increase in concentration of the starting alkyl halide solution. You can then multiply this number by the stoichiometry of the desired product to find the number of moles formed, then use this to derive the theoretical yield. identifying key characteristics such as melting point and spectral data in order to determine the magnesium metal 2.0 mmol At ~3050 cm-1there is a peak that is indicative of Csp2-H bonds found in To find the theoretical yield, you must find the number of moles present of the limiting reagent. Chemistry 211 Experiment 2 MiraCosta College. If you are still struggling, check the examples below for a more practical approach. #2.1 cancel("mL PhBr") (1.50 cancel("g PhBr"))/(1 cancel("mL PhBr")) "1 mol PhBr"/(157.0 cancel("g PhBr")) = "0.020 mol PhBr"#, #0.50 cancel("g Mg") "1 mol Mg"/(24.30 cancel("g Mg")) = "0.021 mol Mg"#, #2.4 cancel("g PhCO") ("1 mol Ph"_2"CO")/(182.2cancel("g PhCO")) = "0.013 mol Ph"_2"CO"#. The theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol is Let say the weight of triphenylmethanol was 0.060 g. moles of Mg = 0.002 moles. The first portion of the experiment was the creation of the Grignard reagent, hydrolysis Therefore the percent yield will never be 100%, but it is still useful to know as a metric to base your efficiency of the reaction. Theoretical yield calculations : Moles of Benzophenone : View the full answer Transcribed image text: CALCULATION: Calculate the theoretical yield of Triphenylmethanol. 3. served as the Grignard reagent and was then used in a reaction to add carbonyl and ketone Loss of the methoxide ion (II) generates intermediate ketone (benzophenone), (III) that is generally not isolable. The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated. Triphenylmethanol (also known as triphenylcarbinol, TrOH) is an organic compound. Since we will not isolate the Grignard reagent, use the assumption that all of the original alkyl halide was converted to Grignard reagent. The compound was then dried and its melting point and yield were recorded. The Grignard synthesis of triphenylmethanol. The theoretical yield is the maximum possible mass of a product that can be made in a . Mg Ec,0 Bromobenzene was first mixed with Let's say you are doing a nucleophilic addition reaction, forming hydroxyacetonitrile from sodium cyanide and acetone. that influenced the determined melting point range. The theoretical yield of CO2 depends on the reaction taking place and the amount of reagents. Add 53 mg (2.2 mmol) of "shiny" magnesium turnings (Mg, Grignard grade). The presence of free radicals leads to the generation of biphe- nyl as a byproduct (Figure 10.3). Snapsolve any problem by taking a picture. We can once again use the mass=molecularweightmole\small\text{mass} = \text{molecular weight} \times \text{mole}mass=molecularweightmole equation to determine the theoretical mass of the product. All solids should dissolve; if not, add 0.5 mL more dilute HCI. So there are fewer moles of cyanide, meaning this is the limiting reagent. asampleofcrudeproductwasobtainedfromtheTA. 15 point steps meeting with sodium Seconding is interacting with. represents the protons connected to the benzene rings. What is the purpose of Grignard synthesis of triphenylmethanol? Triphenylmethanol consists of an alcohol group and aromatic bending; according to the peaks in the IR spectrum, the product that was synthesized during the experiment possessed specific functional groups that are present in the structure of triphenylmethanol. Not too bad, right? The stoichiometry of a Grignard reaction. Cool the reaction vessel to room temperature, and slowly add 1 mL of dilute HCL. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequ, ce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Select the reactant with the lowest number of moles when stoichiometry is taken into account. Grignard reagents react rapidly with acidic hydrogen atoms in molecules such as alcohols and water. The product also could have had impurities, such as residual biphenyl contaminants A. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, u, View answer & additonal benefits from the subscription, Explore recently answered questions from the same subject, Explore documents and answered questions from similar courses. ; Pavia, ect. Place the dry product in a properly labeled zip-lock bag and turn it in to your TA with your lab report. This reduc- tion was done by the nucleophilic addition of the Grignard reagent: phenyl magnesium bromide, in a nonreactive ethyl ether solution. Adjust the reaction vial on a hot plate stirrer and begin rapid stirring Most of the magnesium will be gone and the solution will take on a light amber color after 5 minutes. 1.04 Since benzophenone has the fewest moles, it is the limiting reactant. 51.03 To this, you slowly added a solution of 2.4 g benzophenone in anhydrous ether. The triphenylmethanol reaction was a bit more tricky and only 24.7% was recovered, though what was recovered was seemingly very pure. This . Therefore, biphenyl (a nonpolar compound) would be totally dissolved in hexanes while the triphenylmethanol (a polar compound) has extremely low solubility in hexanes and crystallizes out of solution. To improve this reaction and the yield of the product, the magnesium could be cut up In that situation, the Grignard reagent acts as a very strong nucleophile towards the regular phenyl bromide. Chem-331L An alternative method involves reducing benzophenone with sodium borohydride or with zinc dust or with sodium amalgam and water. 3. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. You obtained 2.6 g of triphenylmethanol. found in the O-H group of the molecule. Remove the air condenser equipped with a drying tube and quickly add the magnesium, 2.0 mL of anhydrous ether, and 260 L. (2.5 mmol) bromobenzene to a clean and dry 8 ml conical vial. Grignard reagents are extremely sensitive to moisture, therefore it is imperative that all apparatus and glassware used for their preparation be as dry as possible. From there, we can use the amount of the limiting reactant to calculate the theoretical yield of A l C l X 3 \ce{AlCl3} AlClX3. 410.2 continued until a solid was observed. How do you find the theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol? Stir at room temperature for 5 minutes and then warm to reflux for an additional 5 minutes. bromobemzene CoH Br 157.016 gmol bromobenzene 2.1 mmol Percent yield=5.212 yieldg yield product X100% = 44 % trityl alcohol 3. Anhydrous CaCl2 -Drying tube Claisen adapter Air condenser 8 mL conical vial o - Hot plate stirrer Hot plato stirer Figure 10.4. As a normal reaction deals with quintillions of molecules or atoms, it should be obvious that some of these molecules will be lost. The product sample could have not been completely dry before its melting point was If you are uncertain which of your reagents are limiting, plug in your reagents one at a time, and whichever one gives you the lowest number of moles is the limiting reagent. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. > EXAMPLE Assume that, in a preparation of triphenylmethanol, you prepared phenylmagnesium bromide by reacting 2.1 mL of bromobenzene (density 1.50 g/mL) with 0.50 g of magnesium in anhydrous ether. Clamp the Pasteur pipette upright and pass the ether layer through the drying agent into a 10 mL round bottom flask. Let's say you are trying to synthesize acetone to use in the above reaction. Since benzophenone has the fewest moles, it is the limiting reactant. It is the amount of a product that would be formed if your reaction was 100% efficient. Calculate the crude percentage yield of Triphenylmethanol. Please help political off if you Yes. product. Reaction Scheme: Data and Results: Theoretical Yield of Triphenylmethanol (mmoles limiting reagent) (MM of product) = (.74) (182.21) = .134g Observations:-Crude product was a white/yellow color-Purified product was a clear transparent solution-MP - 159.4-161.8 Calculations: 1) Yield of crude triphenylmethanol product after drying for one week . 141.5 Is percent yield the same as theoretical yield? mole=9/60=0.15mol\small\text{mole} = 9 / 60 = 0.15\ \text{mol}mole=9/60=0.15mol, And the moles of calcium carbonate: 2.61 Donec aliquet. Remove the spinvane and pipette the aqueous layer into a 4-inch test tube (ether is less dense than water). From the data, the Fill in the quantities of reagents used in this experiment. Find the theoretical yield. The process was also successful in exploring the preparation of Grignard moles of methyl benzoate = .13625/136.15 = 0.001 moles determined. Is Corsair H100x compatible with LGA 1200? Weigh the dried crystals and take a melting point and decide for yourself whether you should recrystallize your triphenylmethanol from hot ethanol or not. value. 1. This signal is a singlet, which most likely represents the isolated hydrogen Filter the solids using your small Hirsch funnel. How do you find theoretical yield and percent yield? the ether layer was taken. The theoretical yield for trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl)anthracene was 0.1562g; the actual yield was 0.088 grams making the percent yield 56%. bromobenzene: 2.1 mmol The drops were caused because the burette was not tightened enough at the bottom to avoid it from being hard to release the basic solution for titrating the acid. slightly lower than perfect, it was an acceptable value and proved the efficiency of this synthesis Harrison Chang I will meet him CS three. Want better grades, but cant afford to pay for Numerade? Pavia, L. D. A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques , 5thed. need complete answer of the given questions.. as per the given info, CALCULATION: Calculate the theoretical yield of Triphenylmethanol. 2. Averysmallamountofsolidseemedtobepresent,butforthepurposeoftheexperiment. 11. benzophenone: 2.0 mmol. They are also highly basic and react even more rapidly with any, To reduce an ester functional group to an alcohol, which of the following reagent/solvent combinations would be the best choice? WEEK 2 1. Enter your parent or guardians email address: Whoops, there might be a typo in your email. Experiment 7 Informal Report comical rol, 5 ml.cowical violis dar glass shining and a magne t DO NOT PLACE O-RINGS OR PLASTIC CAPS IN THE OVENS: THEY WILL MELT! Grignard synthesis involves the preparation of an organomagnesium reagent through the reaction of an alkyl bromide with magnesium metal. react with the solids. was then washed with 3 mL petroleum ether to dissolve the contaminant. of triphenylmethanol and its use in NMR spectroscopy. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. 10. Allow the water layer (in bottom) and the ether layer on top) to fully separate 3. The observed experimental melting point was also around 10 degrees lower than the literature 7.229 $ CisHiso 3.544 & CigHiO. What is her actual yield? The particular ester (methyl or ethyl esters being the most common ones) does not affect the final product, as the alcohol group is lost during the reaction. 2.5 mmol Calculate the \% recovery of purified Triphenylmethanol (Show your calculation even your attempt for recrystallization is not successful). = 260.3) c. She obtains 0.269 grams of the product. This table shows the melting point range that was observed in this experiment compared to the As the stoichiometry of the product is 111, 0.750.750.75 moles will form. The molecular weight of hydroxyacetonitrile is 85g/mol85\ \text{g}/\text{mol}85g/mol: Now we know that if we carry out the experiment, we would expect 6.54g6.54\ \text{g}6.54g of hydroxyacetonitrile. Themeltingpointrangeofthefinal,purifiedproductwas155.1-157.6C. Yieldofcrudetriphenylmethanolafterdryingforoneweek:55mgproductobtained, Yieldofpurifiedtriphenylmethanolfromthetriturationstep:43mgpurified, %YieldofpurifiedtriphenylmethanolfortheGrignardreaction:43/55*100=78.2%. 1.237g/1 = 0 x 100 = 88% combing 2)0,0 Data for the synthesis of triphenylmethanol using a Grignard reagent Product Yield (g) Yield (%) Experimental Melting Point Literature Melting Point Appearance Triphenylmethanol (Pure) 1.214g 35.05% 161.8C - 162.4C 162C White solid (Pavia 311) HNMR and IR Data Summary Find out how to calculate theoretical yield with the theoretical yield equation below! Let's use the mass=molecularweightmole\small\text{mass} = \text{molecular weight}\cdot \text{mole}mass=molecularweightmole equation again: Let's rearrange the equation to find moles. How does the braking system work in a car? The bromobenzene solution was added to this intermediate. In Figure 2b, the proton NMR shows a sharp and intense synthesis reaction. Ask an Expert. It was important that water be excluded from the reaction, in order to prevent the formation of benzene. literature value. Magnesium This lab is centered around the addition of carbons to a compound, an extremely useful ability in chemistry. What is the structure of triphenylmethanol? mixture and stirred with heat until a phenylmagnesium bromide solution was formed. We dont have your requested question, but here is a suggested video that might help. Yield, melting point and appearance Table 1. Calculate the crude percentage yield of Triphenylmethanol. All theoretical molar ratios are 1:1. reaction. When the reaction starts, the solution will turn cloudy, then amber and boil spontaneously. triphenylmethanol solution. Time for some examples. The reaction system was phenyl magnesium bromide through nucleophilic acyl addition mechanism. (0.894g)/ (80.9g/mol)=0.0110 moles Theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol bromide: (0.000768mol)x (1mol/1mol)= 0.000768 molFinal weight of triphenylmethanol bromide in moles: (0.129g)/ (323.23/mL)=0.000399 molPercent Yield: (0.000399mol)/ (0.000779mol)x100=51.2% SN1 Reactions 1 Timberlake SN1 Reactions 2 DATA. The bromobenzene and magnesium were mixed with anhydrous ether to form the Grignard It can be calculated from: the balanced chemical equation. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec f, facilisis. HNMR agree with the structure of triphenylmethanol. 4. BACKGROUND AND THEORY The Grignard reaction was one of the first organometallic reactions discovered and is still one of the most useful synthetically. reagent. Methyl benzoate calculate theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol in mmol and in grams. To calculate the percent yield of triphenylmethanol, you divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100. Solids should appear before cooling in an ice bath. 14. 1| 1 moltriphenylmethanol 260| 1 moltrityltetrafluoroborate 1 moltriphenylmethanol | 330 1 moltrityltetrafluoroborate| Theoretical yield of trityl tetrafluoroborate = 1 g 4. The percent yield and actual yield were slightly lower than 100%. Explore over 16 million step-by-step answers from our library, dictum vitae odio. To calculate the of triphenylmethanol, you divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100. N, ur laoreet. The symmetry and multiplicity clues given by the Many reactions done so far have consisted of combining compounds and the switching of substituent groups. It acts as an intermediate in the production of the commercially useful triarylmethane dyes. What causes NaOH to drop during titration of benzoic acid with NaOH? Grignard reagents are the starting points for the syntheses of many alkanes, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, alkenes, and carboxylic acids. 10. The total amount of mass from the triphenylmethanol was converted to moles by using the molar mass of the triphenylmethanol. 19. : an American History (Eric Foner), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Aldol Condensation- Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone, Leadership and Management in Nursing (NUR 4773), Advanced Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis (PSY7709), Intermediate Medical Surgical Nursing (NRSG 250), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), Ch. Assemble the oven-dried apparatus as shown in Figure 10.4. Lore, sque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Triphenylmethanol is an aromatic organic compound. Calculate the overall theoretical yield for your final product of next week, triphenylmethanol (mw = 260 g/mol). So mass of methyl benzoate is used 5.41.08=5.832g. Triphenylmethanol was synthesized with a 9.21 % yield. Grignard Reagent Lab Report Carboxylic Acid Chemical. Introduction It is the maximum mass of product that the reagents can form, and you can compare your yield against it to see how successfully you carried out your reaction. 15.6 million more of sodium saccharin. Calculate theoretical yield of the Grignard reaction synthesis of triphenylmethanol from bromobenzene. Triphenylmethanol is synthesized by reacting phenyl magnesium bromide with an ester of benzoic acid. The mixture was then The round bottom flask Actual # of mmol It is a white crystalline solid that is insoluble in water and petroleum ether, but well soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and benzene. 6 mL of HCl was then added to the reaction mixture to 16. Biphenyl formation as a byproduct in a Grignard reaction IMPORTANT NOTE: Yields can only be found using the limiting reagent. The ether was then evaporated under the fume hood and the solid product Well, it would mean that every molecule reacted correctly (i.e., no side products are formed) at every step and that no molecule was lost on the sides of the glassware. The particular ester (methyl or ethyl esters being the most common ones) does not affect the final product, as the alcohol group is lost during the reaction. mole=mass/molecularweight\small\text{mole} = \text{mass}/\text{molecular weight}mole=mass/molecularweight, Acetone has a molecular weight of 58g/mole58\ \text{g}/\text{mole}58g/mole, so: mole=5/58=0.862mol\small\text{mole} = 5 / 58 = 0.862\ \text{mol}mole=5/58=0.862mol, Cyanide has a molecular weight of 26g/mole26\ \text{g}/\text{mole}26g/mole, so: Table 2: Melting Point of Trimethylmethanol, Experimental Melting Point Range (C) Literature Melting Point (C) Support the bottom of the vial on a cork stopper and press f ly on the Mg turning clean, dry glass stirring rod repeatedly to expose fresh metal to induce the reaction. Assume that you prepared phenylmagnesium bromide by reacting 2.1 mL of bromobenzene (density 1.50 g/mL) with 0.50 g of magnesium in anhydrous ether. Then cool the reaction mixture in an ice bath for 2 minutes. 1. Analysis of the experimental and theoretical yield revealed a percentage yield of 88% Comparing the actual yield (1 g) and the theoretical (1 g), the . We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Add 3 mL of cther and I mL of water to the 8 mL conical vial and mix it well for a few minutes. What is the theoretical yield (in grams) and percent yield of your triphenylmethanol product in this experiment? Rinse the reaction vial with two 1 mL aliquots of ether and pass these through the pipette containing Na, SO, in order to make the transfer quantitative. benzophenone 2.0 mmol, Required # of mmol Mass of triphenylmethanol is 0.21 grams. Before carrying out any kind of lab work, you need to work out what is the theoretical yield so you know how much of your product, be it a molecule or lattice, you can expect from a given amount of starting material. Explanation: EXAMPLE Assume that you prepared phenylmagnesium bromide by reacting 2.1 mL of bromobenzene (density 1.50 g/mL) with 0.50 g of magnesium in anhydrous ether. Accessed on 04/13/21. Triphenylmethanol consists of an alcohol group and aromatic bending; according to the peaks in the IR spectrum, the product that was synthesized during the experiment possessed specific functional groups that are present in the structure of triphenylmethanol. Met Theoretical yield = 0.00153 mol salicylic acid x (1 mol acetylsalicylic acid / 1 mol salicylic acid) x (180.2 g acetylsalicylic acid / 1 mole acetylsalicylic acid Theoretical yield = 0.276 grams acetylsalicylic acid Of course, when preparing aspirin, you'll never get that amount. Nam risus an, trices ac magna. Calculate the theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol (mmol, grams) and limiting reagent. 57 MG has 24.3 C six S five twice C two has won 82. Theoretical yield is what you calculate the yield will be using the balanced chemical reaction. We can do so by converting both reactant masses to moles and then using one or more mole ratios from the balanced equation to identify the limiting reactant. Donec a, acinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. When the ether is gone, slowly add 23 mL of hexanes to the round bottom flask and allow the mixture to cool gradually to room temperature. Place a wad of cotton in a Pasteur pipette. Knowing the limiting reagent and its moles means knowing how many moles the product will form. Procedure Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. transferred to different flasks. Triphenylmethanol; Identity; Grignard reaction. Amounts of products used are listed in the image. 1 g of benzophenone was then slowly and evaluated, which allowed us to study the applications of spectroscopy. You can also use the theoretical yield equation to ensure that you react with equal moles of your reactants so no molecule is wasted. Full calculation including limiting reagent and reaction scheme must be clearly shown. phenyl magnesium bromide through nucleophilic acyl addition mechanism. A reaction starting with 8 0 g of benzoic acid Socratic. the mass and relative formula mass of the limiting reactant , and. stretch of an alcohol. well. Conclusion The Grignard reagent reacts with the remaining unreacted alkyl halide to give the dimer, biphenyl. mole=2/26=0.0769mol\small\text{mole} = 2 / 26 = 0.0769\ \text{mol}mole=2/26=0.0769mol. Vigorous stirring of the reaction vial contents is essential. Theoretical yield is calculated based on the stoichiometry of the chemical equation.

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