&=[201.0][110.52+20]\\ When an atom loses on or more electrons it becomes negatively charged and we call it a cation. 2. An electrostatic force holds, Molar Mass Worksheet Answer Key Calculate the molar masses of the following chemicals: 1) Cl 2 71 g/mol 2) KOH 56.1 g/mol 3) BeCl 2 80 g/mol 4) FeCl 3 162.3 g/mol 5) BF 3 67.8 g/mol 6) CCl 2 F 2 121 g/mol, 6 CEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS SECTION 6.1 INTRODUCTION TO CEMICAL BONDING (pages 133 137) This section explains how to distinguish between ionic and molecular compounds. The resulting compounds are called ionic compounds and are the primary subject of this section. For the ionic solid MX, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process: \[MX_{(s)}Mn^+_{(g)}+X^{n}_{(g)} \;\;\;\;\; H_{lattice} \label{EQ6} \]. REMEMBER: include brackets with a charge for . Lewis Dot Structures (LDS) - Ionic Bond 6) Be able to draw the LDS for Ionic compounds 7) From knowing the two elements coming together to form the Ionic compound, be able to show how valence electron go from the elemental form (show LDS) to the ion form (show LDS), draw the correct LDS for the ionic compound, give correct chemical formula and . We will limit our attention here to inorganic compounds, compounds that are composed principally of elements other than carbon, and will follow the nomenclature guidelines proposed by IUPAC. Here is what the final LDS looks like: When you break the octet rule and have three lone pairs and two bonds, make sure that your lone pairs stay together. We have already encountered some chemical . x\o6 X/>q}\_)v= -dt27tc(;vS$ER|aus~\_}p~UE"dL$HTXmR,y}s~vZ^~Ujyw^-eH?$BE8W'ou~O( NBJ\/43H"U6$hU?a7.yfU1Ky/w!?yHLlyQ,,6Y%gnz}HoOur?kK~a}r[ Naming monatomic ions and ionic compounds. For example, consider binary ionic compounds of iron and chlorine. PDF Page 1 of 14 NAME PERIOD - Quia It also defines cation and anion, Naming Ionic Compounds I. Here's what it looks like so far: There is a total of 20 electrons; we need two more! dr+aB The periodic table can help us recognize many of the compounds that are ionic: When a metal is combined with one or more nonmetals, the compound is usually ionic. Here is what the final LDS looks like: Xe has 8 v.e. Predict the common oxidation numbers (CHARGE) for each of the following elements when they form. Ion Definition in Chemistry. When one mole each of gaseous Na+ and Cl ions form solid NaCl, 769 kJ of heat is released. Here is what you should have so far: Count the number of valence electrons in the diagram above. Ionic compounds include salts, oxides, hydroxides, sulphides, and the majority of inorganic compounds. Polyatomic ions are ions comprised of more than one atom. Formulas of Ionic Compounds - ThoughtCo Some examples are given in Table \(\PageIndex{2}\). It also defines polyatomic ion and gives the, Naming Compounds Handout Key p. 2 Name each of the following monatomic cations: Li + = lithium ion Ag + = silver ion Cd +2 = cadmium ion Cu +2 = copper (II) ion Al +3 = aluminum ion Mg +2 = magnesium ion, Naming Ionic Compounds Answer Key Give the name of the following ionic compounds: Name 1) Na 2 CO 3 sodium carbonate 2) NaOH sodium hydroxide 3) MgBr 2 magnesium bromide 4) KCl potassium chloride 5) FeCl. This means you need to figure out how many of each ion you need to balance out the charge! WKS 6.1 - Classifying Ionic versus Covalent / Lewis Dot Structures of Atoms. Nomenclature, a collection of rules for naming things, is important in science and in many other situations. endobj
Covalent LDS. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. %PDF-1.5
An ionic compound combines a metal and a non-metal joined together by an ionic bond. DOC Lewis Dot Diagrams (Structures) for Atoms and Ions Predicting Oxidation 2. Metals transfer electrons to nonmetals. Using the bond energy values in Table \(\PageIndex{2}\), we obtain: \[\begin {align*} The rules for organic compounds, in which carbon is the principle element, will be treated in a later chapter on organic chemistry. The name of the metal is written first, followed by the name of the nonmetal with its ending changed to ide. \end {align*} \nonumber \]. Objectives<br />Compare and contrast a chemical formula for a molecular compound with one for an ionic compound<br />Discuss the arrangements of ions in crystals<br />Define lattice energy and explain its significance<br />List and compare the distinctive properties of ionic and . Name the following ionic compounds, which contain a metal that can have more than one ionic charge: The anions in these compounds have a fixed negative charge (S2, Se2 , N3, Cl, and \(\ce{SO4^2-}\)), and the compounds must be neutral. If the compound is molecular, does it contain hydrogen? \(H=H^\circ_f=H^\circ_s+\dfrac{1}{2}D+IE+(EA)+(H_\ce{lattice})\), \(\ce{Cs}(s)+\dfrac{1}{2}\ce{F2}(g)\ce{CsF}(s)=\ce{-554\:kJ/mol}\). Chemical bonding An ionic bond is the strongest type of chemical bond, which leads to characteristic properties. The enthalpy change, H, for a chemical reaction is approximately equal to the sum of the energy required to break all bonds in the reactants (energy in, positive sign) plus the energy released when all bonds are formed in the products (energy out, negative sign). In solid form, an ionic compound is not electrically conductive because its ions are . 3. If you correctly answered less than 25 questions, you need to, Practice Multiple Choice Questions: 1) Which of the following is NOT a laboratory safety rule? Thus, the lattice energy can be calculated from other values. We can use bond energies to calculate approximate enthalpy changes for reactions where enthalpies of formation are not available. Particles with a positive or negative charge are called ions. You will need to determine how many of each ion you will need to form a neutral formula unit (compound) Cation LDS / Anion LDS / Algebra for neutral compound / IONIC COMPOUND LDS Na + Cl / Na [Na]+ / Cl [ Cl ] / (+1) + (-1) = 0 / [Na]+ [ Cl ] K + F Mg + I Be + S Na + O If there is no prefix, then it is understood that there is only one of that element in the compound. 4 0 obj
Multiple bonds are stronger than single bonds between the same atoms. Note that there is a fairly significant gap between the values calculated using the two different methods. (Y or N)carbon tetrabromide
CBr4
sulfate ion
hydrogen sulfide
H2S
bromine trichloride
BrCl3
nitrate ion
xenon tetrafluoride
XeF4
phosphorous trifluoride
PF3
WKS 6.5 LDS for All Kinds of Compounds! They must remain in pairs of two. This tells you that there is only one atom of each element present in the LDS. It is not hard to see this: 70% of our body mass is water and about 70% of the surface, Name: Chemistry Post-Enrolment Worksheet The purpose of this worksheet is to get you to recap some of the fundamental concepts that you studied at GCSE and introduce some of the concepts that will be part, Chemistry Diagnostic Questions Answer these 40 multiple choice questions and then check your answers, located at the end of this document. These ratios determine the chemical formula, Ionic and Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Transfer of Electrons When metals bond with nonmetals, electrons are from the metal to the nonmetal The becomes a cation and the becomes an anion. Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. List of Common Polyatomic Ions - ThoughtCo You also know that atoms combine in certain ratios with other atoms. melting, NAME 1. Ionic and molecular compounds are named using somewhat-different methods. Draw brackets around the lewis dot structures of the cation and anion and draw the charges outside of the brackets. %
Stability is achieved for both atoms once the transfer of electrons has occurred. 7. Y o u w i l l n e e d t o d e t e r m i n e h o w m a n y o f e a c h i o n y o u w i l l n e e d t o f o r m a n e u t r a l f o r m u l a u n i t ( c o m p o u n d )
C a t i o n L D S A n i o n L D S A l g e b r a f o r n e u t r a l c o m p o u n d I O N I C C O M P O U N D L D S
N a + C l
N a " ( [ N a ] +
C l ( [ C l ] % ( + 1 ) + ( - 1 ) = 0
[ N a ] + [ C l ] % K + F
M g + I
B e + S
N a + O
G a + S
R b + N
W K S 6 . The high-temperature reaction of steam and carbon produces a mixture of the gases carbon monoxide, CO, and hydrogen, H2, from which methanol can be produced. If the metal can form ions with different charges, a Roman numeral in parentheses follows the name of the metal to specify its charge. (ex: mono = 1, di = 2, tri = 3, tetra = 4, penta = 5, hexa = 6)
MoleculeLewis Dot Structure# bonds on central atom# non-bonded pairs of electrons on central atomGeneral ABX FormulaDoes the particle resonate? > y -U bjbj 4\ { { : & & $ $ $ 8 \ $ a , , B B B w) w) w) ` ` ` ` ` ` ` $ ,c e ` E w) ( l w) w) w) ` B B @a / / / w) B B ` / w) ` / / Z X X S^ B i + | [ ( ` Va 0 a \ D f , T f P S^ S^ f ^ w) w) / w) w) w) w) w) ` ` U- w) w) w) a w) w) w) w) f w) w) w) w) w) w) w) w) w) & F :
WKS 6.1 - Classifying Ionic versus Covalent / Lewis Dot Structures of Atoms
Classify the following compounds as ionic ([metal or ammonium ion] + [non-metal or polyatomic ion]), covalent (nonmetal+ nonmetal). If you draw a double bond, you'd still notice that we don't have 14 valence electrons, so there should be a triple bond. Covalent Compounds. Naming Ionic Compounds Answer Key Give the name of the following ionic compounds: Name 1) Na 2 CO 3 sodium carbonate 2) NaOH sodium hydroxide 3) MgBr 2 magnesium bromide 4) KCl potassium chloride 5) FeCl More information Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds Phosphorus, CHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING Active Learning Questions: 3-9, 11-19, 21-22 End-of-Chapter Problems: 1-36, 41-59, 60(a,b), 61(b,d), 62(a,b), 64-77, 79-89, 92-101, 106-109, 112, 115-119 An American chemist, 1. Compounds of these metals with nonmetals are named with the same method as compounds in the first category, except the charge of the metal ion is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the metal. In this section, you will learn about the bond strength of covalent bonds, and then compare that to the strength of ionic bonds, which is related to the lattice energy of a compound. When compared to H 2 S, H 2 O has a higher 8. 3: Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations, { "3.01:_Hydrogen_Oxygen_and_Water" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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