For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. This phenomenon is called asymmetrical mutual intelligibility. In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. For instance, Portuguese and Spanish have a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, but theyre technically separate languages. It has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with Galician (spoken in Northwestern Spain), which is a language thats sort of a cross between Portuguese and Spanish. Rusyn ~ Ukrainian . I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. I also have no problems understanding standard Croatian or the Kajkavian and Cakavian Croatian dialects and Bosnian and Montenegrin to me are the same language and completely understandable. Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. Pretty accurate I think. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. Czechs see Slovaks as country bumpkins backwards and folksy but optimistic, outgoing and friendly. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. Some say that West Palesian is actually a separate language, but the majority of Belarussian linguists say it is a dialect of Belarussian (Mezentseva 2014). Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. General. I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. Macedonian 40 % spoken, 60 % written All Rights Reserved. There can be various reasons for this. Thanks so much for this post. True science would involve scientific intelligibility testing of Slavic language pairs. Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. Thread starter Bamaro; Start date Feb 15, 2023 . In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. That is ~90% our language. Post 1991, g has returned. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). He said if he was there for about a week he could understand probably everything. Regular speech is generally quite fast. I would like to add an interesting fact Slovenian has very harsh dialects due to the historic separation of different regions. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . Even little kids who watch the show understand. I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. The President outlines the role played by a former London public schoolboy, Omar Sheikh, in the kidnap and murder of Daniel Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter, in February 2002. Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. The German influence is more prominent in the west; Polish influence is greater in the east. In the 1500s, Kajkavian began to be developed in a standard literary form. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). No, you cannot. I've ne. The intelligibility of Czech and Slovak is much exaggerated. In Ukrainian, one might say "I am waiting for you" ; however, there is no need for a conjunction in . Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. What language is closest to Polish? I think it was mostly due to a learning few high frequency Polish words that are difficult for a Russian native speaker to understand. Also after studying Ethnologue for a very long time, I noticed that they tended to use 90% as a cutoff for language versus dialect most but not all of the time. This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . Menu. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. Balgarski is balgarskijat, grupa is grupata, oficialni is oficijalnijat etc. I confess to not being a linguist, and therefore didnt see past the problematic sentence This is a Chakavian-Slovenian transitional lect that is hard to categorize, but it is usually considered to be a Slovenian dialect. In fact, some say the intelligibility between the two is near zero. I will tell you also this: On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. However, it appears to be a separate language, as Lach is not even intelligible within itself. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. Slovak-Czech MI tests out at 82% in studies, which seems about right. It has many Hungarian words, archaic Slavic words and words of an unknown origin (at least to me). Slovenian: 20% My gues. But even they will know the literary norm of their own language which will ease up the communication. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM. It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? I always aske her about whether she understands Bulgarian and Serbian and she claims Serbian is way closer to her language rather than Bulgarian. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. It is quite true that Macedonian speakers (even today) are switching to Serbian (although there is a resistence among some speakers of Macdonian) on informal situations. There is just a little problem to understand east Slovaks for Czechs from naywhere. Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. Also, danes and swedes have a hard time understanding each other, but they can read the others language quite well. The reason that these languages seem to be mutually intelligible is because almost all Ukrainians are bilingual anyway, and capable of switching between the two at will. I met Croats from Zagreb and they speak Slovenian perfectly. . It was formerly thought to be a Slovenian dialect, but some now think it is more properly a Kajkavian dialect. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. About the mistakes So give these mutually intelligible languages a second look. Kajkavian was removed from public use after 1900, hence writing in the standard Kajkavian literary language was curtailed. Personally Im a Taoist in relation to 9/11, the middle way, you know? It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. Your English is pretty much ok. Un- or fortunately, you are right about the thesis about Macedonian and Bulgarian. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. However Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are not like Czech and Slovak. What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. Macedonian I can understand better, and Im going to say that my comprehension of it used to lie somewhere between 90 and 95%, and Im going to cite 98% for my present knowledge theres a lot of technical vocabulary that takes a while to grasp, and a few words that I cant make sense of no matter how hard I try, but most of the differences are more marginal than between standard Serbian and Macedonian: A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. We in Serbia even had some comic movies that was making fun of south Serbian dialects (that are more related to Bulgarian and Macedonian) with very mocking or even rude comments for someone who make mistakes in the word cases. This stuff is not all that controversial. I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. The higher the linguistic distance, the lower the mutual intelligibility. Belic) maybe do not understand Macedonian so well as Macedonian the Serbian language do (because of the according to you Bilingual learning . There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. My take on it is right here. The Macedonian spoken near the Serbian border is heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian and is quite a bit different from the Macedonian spoken towards the center of Macedonia. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. In its written form Bulgarian is even more different than in its spoken form. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. It is not that hard. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. FluentU is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a contribution to support the continuation of the site. This implies that some of the high intelligibility between Slovak and Polish may be due to bilingual learning on the part of Slovaks. That information is in error. Not sure where did you get more similarity between Boyko dialects and Russian language? Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. Donations are the only thing that keep the site operating. Ive not read em myself. That is good to know. He printed out the paper and showed it to his colleagues at the next meeting, and they spent some time discussing it. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. Due to no prior exposure to Russian, I could not understand that language, other than a few words and expressions here and there. You also have these words? Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. In contrast, there is often significant intelligibility between different Scandinavian languages, but as each of them has its own standard form, they are classified as separate languages. These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Macedonian side, the situation is more complicated (i will explain later). People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? Slovenians, Macedonians and Bulgars used to be one nation called Sklaveni and they were living in the south Hungary. 5 (2): 135146. Ukrainian has 62% lexical similarity with Russian but 70% with Polish, which isn't high enough for mutual intelligibility with both Russian and Polish, but Poles can certainly understand Ukrainian much better than Russian, and Russians can understand Ukrainian much better than Poles. Mutually Intelligible And Different. Cheers brothers and sisters! Lemko is spoken heavily in Poland, and it differs from Standard Rusyn in that it has a lot of Polish vocabulary, whereas Standard Rusyn has more influences from Hungarian and Romanian. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. (Jim Morrison). Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. The grammar in both languages is similar, but, predictably, there are a few differences: While Ukrainian includes the past continuous tense, there are only three tenses in Russian (past, present and future). Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. They understand almost nothing. A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. This is simply reality in Serbia today. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages, What You Should Know About Mutually Intelligible Languages, The 11 Best Language Learning Apps of 2023, How to Say Thank You in 35 Different Languages Around the Globe, The Penny Pinchers Guide to Learning Any Language for Free, The Top 8 What Language Should I Learn Online Quizzes, The 6 Best Sources of Language Learning Videos on the Internet. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities. Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. 2. 99% of people in Ukraine are bilinguals who essentially speak and learn both Russian and Ukrainian from birth (although depending on the region, ones prevailence over the other varies). Salute from Czech republic. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. Pannonian Rusyn is spoken by a group of Rusyns who migrated to northwestern Serbia (the Bachka region in Vojvodina province) and Eastern Croatia from Eastern Slovakia and Western Ukraine 250 years ago. French has 89% lexical similarity with Italian, 80% similarity with Sardinian (spoken on the Italian island of Sardinia), 78% similarity with Romansh (spoken in parts of Switzerland) and 75% similarity with Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish. This is great. In terms At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. ", "English in Scotland a phonological approach", "Mutual Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages within the Romance language family", "How Konkani Won the Battle for 'Languagehood', "Algumas observaes sobre a noo de lngua portuguesa", Romanian language Britannica Online Encyclopedia, "UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile", "Uzbek | the Center for East European and Russian/Eurasian Studies", "Soviet Dungan nationalism: a few comments on their origin and language", "The Linguistic Characteristic Of Esan Language: Towards Its Empowerment and Development", "Mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic functionally tested: A pilot study", "Gdzie "sicz", a gdzie "porohy"?!

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