In fact, if youre looking for fabulous landscaping in St. Peters, you cant do any better than us! x 6 in. In 2007 over 100,000 gathered. Measure and mark your timber using a pencil and square, then use a circular saw or handsaw to cut the timber. [10] Isaac Yahuda, a prominent member of the Sephardic community in Jerusalem recalled how men and women used to gather in a circle at the Wall to hear sermons delivered in Ladino. [55] Another practice also existed whereby pilgrims or those intending to travel abroad would hack off a chip from the Wall or take some of the sand from between its cracks as a good luck charm or memento. The term "Wailing Wall" is not used by religious Jews, and increasingly not by many others who consider it derogatory.[5]. A muezzin was appointed to perform the Islamic call to prayer and Sufi rites directly next to the Wall. Sierra Blend Concrete Retaining Wall Block, 4 in. This is called the Gate of Mercy, and hither come all the Jews to pray before the Wall in the open court." "[72] The committee also demanded that the British administration expropriate the wall for the Jews.[74]. At the Western Wall Plaza, the total height of the Wall from its foundation is estimated at 105 feet (32m), with the above-ground section standing approximately 62 feet (19m) high. Nobody staged that moment. The Jews, while agreeing that the works were necessary, appealed to the British that they be made under supervision of the newly formed Department of Antiquities, because the Wall was an ancient relic. Below are the tools and materials you'll need to complete this project. [65][66] Storrs wrote two decades later: "The acceptance of the proposals, had it been practicable, would have obviated years of wretched humiliations, including the befouling of the Wall and pavement and the unmannerly braying of the tragi-comic Arab band during Jewish prayer, and culminating in the horrible outrages of 1929"[64], In early 1920, the first Jewish-Arab dispute over the Wall occurred when the Muslim authorities were carrying out minor repair works to the Wall's upper courses. On September 24, 1928, the Day of Atonement, British police resorted to removing by force a screen used to separate men and women at prayer. [55] In 1874, Mordechai Rosanes paid for the repaving of the alleyway adjacent to the wall. Find here detailed information about retaining wall costs. Shovel about 1 ft. of dirt against the form, then shovel 1 ft. of gravel into the form. Local store prices may vary from those displayed. However, the Jews of the city lacked the necessary funds. Make sure to run the end of the pipe to a spot where it can be accessed. To handle the transition between tiers, install bulkhead planks (Photo 15) between the upper and lower posts. In November 2010, the government approved a NIS 85m ($23m) scheme to improve access from the Jewish Quarter and upgrade infrastructure at the Wall. x 7 in. thick block against the header to fur it out for squaring. The Western Wall (Hebrew: , romanized:HaKotel HaMa'aravi, lit. Quality. [6][7][8] This position was confirmed in a 1930 international commission during the British Mandate period. Warm white is suitable for daily lighting and decoration. [122] A platform has been added in 2013 in order to expand the prayer area. Check out our D.I.Y. x 9 in. "[162] The Jerusalem District Court ruled that as long as there was no other appropriate area for pluralistic prayer, prayer according to non-Orthodox custom should be allowed at the Wall,[163] and a judge ruled that the 2003 Israeli Supreme Court ruling prohibiting women from carrying a Torah or wearing prayer shawls had been misinterpreted and that Women of the Wall prayer gatherings at the Wall should not be deemed as disturbing the public order. "Gate of the Prophet"), an old name for a gate along the southwestern wall[dubious discuss] of the Haram al-Sharif. x 17.5 in. ft. / Pallet), RockWall 2 in. That there shall be no interference with the Jews' places of devotional visits and of pilgrimage, that are situated in the localities which are dependent on the Chief Rabbinate, nor with the practice of their ritual. Now it's time to cut your timber to the sizes you need for the wall and posts. [175] The stand is staffed by multilingual Chabad volunteers and an estimated 100,000 male visitors put on tefillin there annually. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. You bury it in place! They have taken advantage of the cover, temperature control,[114] and enhanced security. In response to the repeated arrest of women, including Anat Hoffman, found flouting the law, the Jewish Agency observed 'the urgent need to reach a permanent solution and make the Western Wall once again a symbol of unity among the Jewish people, and not one of discord and strife. [193] The PA-appointed Mufti of Jerusalem, Sheikh Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, believes that the Wall belongs to the Muslims alone. 4 in. A do-it-yourself retaining wall product that offers a natural beltis appearance. Youll be surprised at the landscaping designs our team can come up with. The average cost to build a retaining wall is about $5,460 (25-foot long, 4-foot high concrete block wall). [197], While recognizing the difficulties inherent in any ultimate peace agreement that involves the status of Jerusalem, the official position of the United States includes a recognition of the importance of the Wall to the Jewish people, and has condemned statements that seek to "delegitimize" the relationship between Jews and the area in general, and the Western Wall in particular. Well enhance and beautify the best of your property in a variety of ways. Often retaining walls are used to terrace yards that originally had a steep slope.Additionally, retaining walls can help create usable outdoor space as well as control erosion, (see Landscaping a Split-Level Home. In 1919 Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann approached the British Military Governor of Jerusalem, Colonel Sir Ronald Storrs, and offered between 75,000[64] and 100,000[65] (approx. "[44], Shortly after Saladin's 1187 siege of the city, in 1193, the sultan's son and successor al-Afdal established the land adjacent to the wall as a charitable trust. Our residential landscape wall pavers are suitable for both stone retaining walls and freestanding features such as outdoor kitchens or built-in seating. We built the exposed surfaces of this wall with brown pressure treated lumber and below-grade members with less expensive green treated lumber. The next day, the Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av, 300 youths raised the Zionist flag and sang Hatikva at the Wall. This process was finalized by Herod, who enclosed the Mount with an almost rectangular set of retaining walls, made to support the Temple platform and using extensive substructures and earth fills to give the natural hill a geometrically regular shape. Additionally, retaining walls can help create usable outdoor space as well as control erosion, (see Landscaping a Split-Level Home.) [71], A widespread Arab campaign to protest against presumed Jewish intentions and designs to take possession of the Al Aqsa Mosque swept the country and a "Society for the Protection of the Muslim Holy Places" was established. So, measure and mark the points where the posts will go. Nor were Jews permitted to separate the sexes with a screen. Herod's project was to create an artificial extension to the small quasi-natural plateau on which the First Temple stood, already widened in Hasmonean times during the Second Temple period, by finally transforming it into the almost rectangular, wide expanse of the Temple Mount platform visible today. This section faces a large plaza and is set aside for prayer. skills and a little bit of elbow grease. Many contemporary Orthodox scholars rule that the area in front of the Wall has the status of a synagogue and must be treated with due respect. Use of this site is subject to certain Terms Of Use. The women also used to cast lots for the privilege of sweeping and washing the alleyway at the foot of the Wall. [143], Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kaindenover discusses the mystical aspect of the Hebrew word kotel when discussing the significance of praying against a wall. [88], During the Jordanian rule of the Old City, a ceramic street sign in Arabic and English was affixed to the stones of the ancient wall. 9, Iss. 2000-2022 Home Depot. If your lumberyard doesnt carry brown, use green for all the parts and stain any exposed wood after the wall is up. The Wall consists of 45 stone courses, 28 of them above ground and 17 underground. [160], In 2003 Israel's Supreme Court upheld the ban on non-Orthodox worship at the Wall,[119] disallowing any women from reading publicly from the Torah or wearing traditional prayer shawls at the plaza itself, but instructed the Israeli government to prepare the site of Robinson's Arch to host such events,[159] given that this area does not come under the direct control of the Rabbi of the Wall or the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Nail the header onto the bottom of the vertical 2x6 (flush with the 2x4) with two 3-in. believe that when Jerusalem came under Christian rule in the 4th century, there was a purposeful "transference" of respect for the Temple Mount and the Western Wall in terms of sanctity to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, while the sites around the Temple Mount became a refuse dump for Christians. [33] The Bordeaux Pilgrim, who wrote in 333 CE, suggests that it was probably to the perforated stone or the Rock of Moriah, "to which the Jews come every year and anoint it, bewail themselves with groans, rend their garments, and so depart".This was because an imperial decree from Rome barred Jews from living in Jerusalem. [148] Bach (17th century) instructs that "when one sees the Gates of Mercy which are situated in the Western Wall, which is the wall King David built, he should recite: Her gates are sunk into the ground; he hath destroyed and broken her bars: her king and her princes are among the nations: the law is no more; her prophets also find no vision from the Lord". x 10 in. [83] The committee sat multiple times during 1949, but both sides made additional demands and at the same time the Palestine Conciliation Commission was pressing for the internationalization of Jerusalem against the wishes of both parties. He also formulated a plan whereby some of the courtyards facing the Wall would be acquired, with the intention of establishing three synagoguesone each for the Sephardim, the Hasidim and the Perushim. Rodica Prato. [149] Some scholars write that rending one's garments is not applicable nowadays as Jerusalem is under Jewish control. deck screws. A retaining wall is intended to hold back soil when there is a drastic change in elevation. skills and a little bit of elbow grease. "[108], In 2005, the Western Wall Heritage Foundation initiated a major renovation effort under Rabbi-of-the-Wall Shmuel Rabinovitch. This upper section was decorated with pilasters, the remainder of which were destroyed when the Byzantines reconquered Jerusalem from the Persians in 628. ", "Pending deal with Women of the Wall would annul regulations banning non-Orthodox practice at Kotel", "Pluralist Council Will Oversee Robinson's Arch at Western Wall", "Israel Approves Prayer Space at Western Wall for Non-Orthodox Jews", Jerusalem chief rabbi: Mixed-gender plaza akin to razing Western Wall, "Suspension of Western Wall deal leaves Jewish leaders feeling betrayed J", "Israel freezes Western Wall compromise that was to create egalitarian prayer section | Jewish Telegraphic Agency", "Letter Placed by Pope John Paul II at the Western Wall", "50 Years After Six-Day War, How the Kotel Became Synonymous With Tefillin", "Satmar Rebbe: Massacre Due to Jews Visiting TM", "Is the Western Wall a Kind of Idolatry? They were, however, allowed "to pay visits to it as of old. Dig the first end post footing by removing the top 4 in. Use a pencil and square to mark the height you need for the posts to be flush with the wall. "[189], Yitzhak Reiter writes that "the Islamization and de-Judaization of the Western Wall are a recurrent motif in publications and public statements by the heads of the Islamic Movement in Israel."[190]. It took three separate sessions with the loader to dig out and backfill our double-tier wall. Drop in and nail the rest of the bulkhead planks. This, together with other construction projects in the vicinity, and restricted access to the Wall, resulted in Jewish protests to the British, who remained indifferent.[78]. An improperly built retaining wall may bulge, crack or lean, creating an unsightly eyesore and a headache for you. Building a retaining wall can help you create a useable space in your garden. When within four cubits of the Wall, one should remove their footwear. Over time the increased numbers of people gathering at the site resulted in tensions between the Jewish visitors who wanted easier access and more space, and the residents, who complained of the noise. / 34.9 sq. Jaffa 2. Two Mode LightingNice design and decorative light: Warm White / 7 changing color lighting.Nice design and decorative light: it gives off a great design below the light due to the honey-comb type cut in the plastic cover. New (Double, Single, Tanners')Al-Mawazin, "West Wall" redirects here. Plumb and brace the first stanchion. x 7 in. "[152] Jewish Law stipulates that the Silent Prayer should be recited facing towards Jerusalem, the Temple and ultimately the Holy of Holies,[153] as God's bounty and blessing emanates from that spot. I can not recommend this company enough!, The experience has left us re-imagining what else is possible with our yard and how we might sign these guys up for another project in the future. Level the tops of the stakes with a builder's level. [56], In 1887 Baron Rothschild conceived a plan to purchase and demolish the Moroccan Quarter as "a merit and honor to the Jewish People. In one of several varying Muslim traditions, it is the site where the Islamic Prophet Muhammad tied his winged steed, al-Buraq, on his Isra and Mi'raj to Jerusalem before ascending to paradise, and constitutes the western border of al-Haram al-Sharif ("the Noble Sanctuary"), or the Al-Aqsa compound. Build a Long-Lasting Block Retaining Wall. Others disagree, pointing to the fact that the Temple Mount is controlled by the Muslim waqf and that the mosques which sit upon the Temple site should increase feelings of distress. He informed the Jewish community that the removal had been carried out under his orders after receiving a complaint from the Supreme Muslim Council. River Red Concrete Retaining Wall Block Pavestone 11.5 in. Notch the row directly over the braces by holding them in their proper positions and tapping them against the sharp edge of the strapping. Hold a 1-1/2 in. [146] Cleaning the stones is also problematic from a halachic point of view. From the mid-19th century onwards, attempts to purchase rights to the wall and its immediate area were made by various Jews, but none was successful. If you want your wall to be around for a century, use foundation-grade treated wood. [67], In 1926 an effort was made to lease the Maghrebi waqf, which included the wall, with the plan of eventually buying it. A quarter pound of hot-dipped galvanized 16d nails for fastening the 2x6 planks on the back of the posts. Some scholars are doubtful of the interpretation and have offered alternative explanations, such as, for example, later repair work. Choose timber with a minimum rating of H4. Retaining Wall Calculator Tremron - Stonegate Wall Enter all dimensions as feet. In the 4th century, Christian sources reveal that the Jews encountered great difficulty in buying the right to pray near the Western Wall, at least on the 9th of Av. [125], The Scroll of Ahimaaz, a historical document written in 1050 CE, distinctly describes the Western Wall as a place of prayer for the Jews. The mosque is located above an ancient passageway, which once came out through the long-sealed Barclay's Gate whose huge lintel is still visible directly below the Maghrebi gate.[177]. The account gave rise to confusion about the actual location of Jewish worship, and some suggest that Benjamin in fact referred to the Eastern Wall along with its Gate of Mercy. Highly recommend!, Done Right came and quoted everything within an hour. [43] Obadiah of Bertinoro (1488) states "the Westen Wall, part of which is still standing, is made of great, thick stones, larger than any I have seen in buildings of antiquity in Rome or in other lands. Repeat the process until the bubble stays absolutely level as you rotate the scope. [20] The first seven above-ground layers are from the Herodian period. [9][10] The previous sites used by Jews for mourning the destruction of the Temple, during periods when access to the city was prohibited to them, lay to the east, on the Mount of Olives[5] and in the Kidron Valley below it. ft. / Pallet), Legacy Stone Deco 6 in. increments so the 26 wall planks would continue to neatly stack at these transitions (Photo 10). The original, natural, and irregular-shaped Temple Mount was gradually extended to allow for an ever-larger Temple compound to be built at its top. It stated that "Al-Buraq Wall is in fact the western wall of Al-Aksa Mosque" and that Jews had only started using the site for worship after the 1917 Balfour Declaration. [3] The wall was originally erected as part of the expansion of the Second Jewish Temple begun by Herod the Great,[4] which resulted in the encasement of the natural, steep hill known to Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount, in a huge rectangular structure topped by a flat platform, thus creating more space for the Temple itself, its auxiliary buildings, and crowds of worshipers and visitors. [145][non-primary source needed], In the past, some visitors would write their names on the Wall, or based upon various scriptural verses, would drive nails into the crevices. However, this wall will easily last a few decadesespecially if you brush or dip the cut board ends with wood preservative (Photo 4). A large rally was held in the Etz Chaim Yeshiva, following which an angry crowd attacked the local police station in which they believed Douglas Valder Duff, the British officer involved, was sheltering. Belgard offers a full line of landscape wall blocks and concrete pavers in natural color blends to complement any color scheme. 056: Overnight Sensation (4.89) A tournament of moans! 4 in. Then rotate the scope 90 degrees so its over the other two adjusting nuts and level it again. Build the slip form by cutting a 2-ft. x 3-1/2 ft. piece of plywood and nailing a 2-ft. length of 2x4 at each end to provide the space for the gravel. Joost R. Hiltermann, 'Teddy Kollek and the Native Question,' in Annelies Moors, Toine van Teeffelen, Sharif Kanaana, Ilham Abu Ghazaleh (eds.). [181], Most Jews, religious and secular, consider the wall to be important to the Jewish people since it was originally built to hold the Second Temple. Products shown as available are normally stocked but inventory levels cannot be guaranteed, For screen reader problems with this website, please call 1-800-430-3376 or text 38698 (standard carrier rates apply to texts), 4 in. The classic portion now faces a large plaza in the Jewish Quarter, near the southwestern corner of the Temple Mount, while the rest of the wall is concealed behind structures in the Muslim Quarter, with the small exception of an 8-metre (26ft) section, the so-called Little Western Wall. Set the second stanchion 3 ft. 9-3/4 in. The earliest source mentioning this specific site as a place of Jewish worship is from the 17th century. Pewter Concrete Retaining Wall Block, 4 in. In 1930, in response to the 1929 riots, the British Government appointed a commission "to determine the rights and claims of Muslims and Jews in connection with the Western or Wailing Wall", and to determine the causes of the violence and prevent it in the future. A retaining wall tends to connect to a larger landscaping design that sometimes extends all around the property. Use a carpenters square or a 4-ft. square to extend a straightedge to line up the first upper stanchion with the first lower stanchion. We want your experience to be a pleasant one. Retaining Wall is the perfect complement to residential landscape design. This meant that they would have no power to stop people from using the plaza for various activities, including the driving of mules, which would cause a disturbance to worshippers. He rented a house near the Wall and paid men to stand guard there and at various other gateways around the mount. [136] Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger writes "since the Theology and ritual Israel's prayers ascend on high there as one of the great ancient kabbalists Rabbi Joseph Gikatilla said, when the Jews send their prayers from the Diaspora in the direction of Jerusalem, from there they ascend by way of the Western Wall. Cut the first row of planks to fit between the headers, then nail the boards into each stanchion with two 16d galvanized nails. Let us put our reputation as St. Peters landscape design team to work for you today! Herod7. [citation needed], Israeli philosopher Yeshayahu Leibowitz referred to the Western Wall as "idolatry". In 1928 the District Commissioner of Jerusalem, Edward Keith-Roach, acceded to an Arab request to implement the ban. Yukon Concrete Retaining Wall Block, RockWall Small 4 in. [45], The first mention of the Islamic tradition that Buraq was tethered at the site is from the 14th century. Contact us on any of your landscaping or landscaping design projects or just to ask a few questions. "[55] A well-known segula (efficacious remedy) for finding one's soulmate is to pray for 40 consecutive days at the Western Wall,[154] a practice apparently conceived by Rabbi Yisroel Yaakov Fisher. Alternatively, it might be connected to nearby graves. Shovel dirt over the end of the header to help lock the wall in place.Follow Photos 5-9 for a detailed how-to. ft./Pallet). The Shaw commission determined that the violence occurred due to "racial animosity on the part of the Arabs, consequent upon the disappointment of their political and national aspirations and fear for their economic future. Any time you put soil behind a wall, be sure to use membranes to protect the beauty of its face. "[195], In 2006, Dr. Hassan Khader, founder of the Al Quds Encyclopedia, told PA television that the first connection of the Jews to the Wall is "a recent one, which began in the 16th centurynot ancientlike the roots of the Islamic connection". Rabbinic tradition teaches that the western wall was built upon foundations laid by the biblical King Solomon from the time of the First Temple. [132] During the month of Tishrei 2009, a record 1.5 million people visited the site.[133]. Neither Israeli Arabs nor Israeli Jews could visit their holy places in the Jordanian territories. Only when used in this sense is it synonymous with the term Wailing Wall. This section of wall is built from enormous meleke limestone blocks, possibly quarried at either Zedekiah's Cave[21] situated under the Muslim Quarter of the Old City, or at Ramat Shlomo[22] 4 kilometres (2.5mi) northwest of the Old City. A good-looking retaining wall depends on level footings, and the best way to establish level over long distances is with a builders level. The find confirms the description by historian Josephus Flavius, which states that construction was finished only during the reign of King Agrippa II, Herod's great-grandson. An exception was made for Christians to participate in Christmas ceremonies in Bethlehem. [Color-switchable Two Mode Lighting] Nice design with 2 modes: Warm White / 7 RGB changing color lighting. It seeps into the masonry traveling straight through. In the late 19th century the question was raised as to whether this was permitted and a long responsa appeared in the Jerusalem newspaper Havatzelet in 1898. What we found here was a rock-cut systemthree rooms, all hewn in the bedrock of ancient Jerusalem" said co-director of the excavation Barak Monnickendam-Givon. [136] On Saturdays, it is forbidden to enter the area with electronic devices, including cameras, which infringe on the sanctity of the Sabbath. According to Eyal Weizman, Chaim Herzog, who later became Israel's sixth president, took much of the credit for the destruction of the neighbourhood: When we visited the Wailing Wall we found a toilet attached to it we decided to remove it and from this we came to the conclusion that we could evacuate the entire area in front of the Wailing Wall a historical opportunity that will never return We knew that the following Saturday [sic Wednesday], June 14, would be the Jewish festival of Shavuot and that many will want to come to pray it all had to be completed by then. Before you start, plan out the length and height of your retaining wall. There are only two other revealed sections: the southern part of the Wall (see Robinson's Arch area), which measures approximately 80 metres (262ft), and is separated from the prayer area by just a narrow stretch of archaeological remains; and another, much shorter section, known as the Little Western Wall, which is located close to the Iron Gate. [68] The chairman of the Palestine Zionist Executive, Colonel F. H. Kisch, explained that the aim was "quietly to evacuate the Moroccan occupants of those houses which it would later be necessary to demolish" to create an open space with seats for aged worshippers to sit on. Cover the pipe with another layer of scoria and then cover that with soil. RockWall Small 4 in. [165], In January 2016, the Israeli Cabinet approved a plan to designate a new space at the Kotel that would be available for egalitarian prayer and that would not be controlled by the Rabbinate. They refused to do so, arguing that Jews had the right to pray at the Wall without restrictions. [168][169], There is a much publicised practice of placing slips of paper containing written prayers into the crevices of the Wall. After you backfill, the dirt will settle significantly. [119] The worship site was inaugurated in 2004 and has since hosted services by Reform and Conservative groups, as well as services by the Women of the Wall. It also cautioned them against "raising their voices and displaying their books there." [139], An 11th-century Midrash quotes a 4th-century scholar: "Rav Acha said that the Divine Presence has never departed from the Western Wall",[140] and the Zohar (13th century) similarly writes that "the Divine Presence rests upon the Western Wall". Home Outdoors Yard & Garden Structures Retaining Wall. The basic parts of a mortared-stone wall. Dont waste your time and money! Then we leveled out the earth by hand and used wheelbarrows to fill the rest with high-quality topsoil for the plantings. In its entirety, the western retaining wall of the Herodian Temple Mount complex stretches for 1,600 feet (488m), most of which is hidden behind medieval residential structures built along its length. Youll be surprised at what the team here at Done Right Landscapes do. Position the other stanchions by measuring from the first stanchion (see Photo 8) and pounding a stake in the center of each location a few inches back from the line. x 6.75 in. They not only look good but also double as seating when you want to spend some time out in the yard with your family and friends. [136] This is the view upheld by the authority in charge of the wall. Retaining Wall is the Pavestone 11.5 in. [93] Rabin described the moment Israeli soldiers reached the Wall: "There was one moment in the Six-Day War which symbolized the great victory: that was the moment in which the first paratroopersunder Gur's commandreached the stones of the Western Wall, feeling the emotion of the place; there never was, and never will be, another moment like it. Yukon Concrete Retaining Wall Block, 3 in. You'll end up with a hill of hand-shoveled dirt that traps the gravel against the wall. If you are considering hiring someone to build a landscape retaining wall on your property you'll want to have a basic understanding of what goes into proper retaining wall design. Well come to your location and make a thorough assessment of your property and create landscape designs that will enhance the features of the terrain, as it exists to make natures beauty even more beautiful! We filled the walls all the way to the top, and after a couple of weeks, the dirt had settled almost an entire foot. of soil in a 2-ft. square area. He requested a sum of 20,000 which would be used to both rehouse the Muslim families and to create a public garden in front of the Wall. [61] Probably meant was the "Great", rather than the "Small" Djemal Pasha. Now, mix up some concrete according to the directions on the packaging and pour it into the holes around the base of each post. x 6.75 in. Your walls can be as long as you want, but limit the height to 4 ft. Add more terraces as needed to retain higher slopes, stepping them back about 4 ft. The low maintenance, easy-to-install stones are a beautiful solution for any project, from gardens and tree rings to curved walls and terraces. An example of WoF farm in Singleplayer Classic. Comparable accounts survive, including those by the Church Father, Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329390) and by Jerome in his commentary to Zephaniah written in 392 CE. One brown treated 4-ft. 2x4 for every post. The Commission noted that 'the Jews do not claim any proprietorship to the Wall or to the Pavement in front of it (concluding speech of Jewish Counsel, Minutes, page 908).

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