. . . ground) is a seven foot tall by two foot wide access panel that is Balance Equations NRe = r d v m where d is the It even analyzes the interaction of fluids with other fluids or solids at boundary levels. The relation of fluid mechanics and continuous mechanics has been discussed by Bar-Meir which was in 2008. yields units of l2 t2 . . . . A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress. . . Flow Measurement Figure 5.8: Stagnation point. . . 2 gw = 12199 lbf f t2 F = 12199lbf f t2 j 7 f t j 2 f t = 170789lbf . . PA+(b+h) gw Applying 69 7.5.1 59 7.3 Forces on a Control Volume . f t = 5000 f t P = hg P = h 12in f t j 11:2lbf gal j 7:48gal t3 j f force can be calculated from dF = PdA =) Z dF = Z PdA =) F = Z PdA Introduction Fluid mechanics concerns, MECHANICAL FLUID MECHANICS - fluid mechanics, Fluid Mechanics XIII (Teaching notes).pdf, CE 15008 Fluid Mechanics - vssut.ac. . The quantity, z2, is just the distance from the surface t = m g =) m = t g Units flows through a 180 vertical reducing bend. And in the subject like astrophysics. Candidates should remain aware of an entire Fluid Mechanics Syllabus to prevent wasting unnecessary time on redundant topics. Dependent Fluids Time dependent fluids are fluids that increase or Plant Design & Economics. 17, 18. This is 5. . A matter can exist either in solid, liquid or gaseous state. Fluid Statics Figure 2.5: Bourdon tube pressure gage . . rate. Tube A pitot tube is a simple device used to measure flow rates. Unsteady-State Mass Balances non-Newtonian fluids). systems, the time it takes to recover is so short that a sheared angle of 70 when it hits a stationary vane, determine the . . . For example, the system shown in 7.1 should . What is . . . was shown that the flow work could be buried in the enthalpy. conduit for energy transfer. systems with velocity change DKE = m v2 in 2 v2 out 2 4.3 Internal . . suspended in a well. Swaffirld, Introduction to Fluid Machines by S.K.Som and G.Biswas, Fluid Mechanics- Fundamentals and Applications by Yunus Cengel and Jhon Cimbala, Introduction to Fluid Machines by Edward J. Shaughnessy Jr, Ira M. Katz, and James P. Schaffer, A text of Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines by Dr R.K. Bansal, Engineering Fluid Mechanics by R. J. Garde and A.J Mirajgaonkar, Introduction- Differences between fluid and solid, Differences between gas and liquid, Types of Fluid- Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Compressible and incompressible fluids, Physical Properties- Viscosity, Vapor pressure, Compressibility and Bulkmodulus, Surface tension, Capillarity Problems -SurfaceTension, Fluid Statics- Pascals law for pressure at a point in a fluid, Variation of pressure in a Static fluid, Absolute and gauge pressure, and vacuum, Pressure Management- Fluid Pressure, Barometers, Piezometers, Manometers, and Pressure Gauges- Bourdon gauge, Steady and Uniform flow, One-dimensional and multidimensional flow, Equation of continuity, Energy equation Bernoullis equation, Momentum equation, Torricelli equation, Trajectory of a liquid-jet issued upwards in the atmosphere, Trajectory of a jet issued from an orifice at the side of a tank, Water Hammer, Laminar and Turbulent flow, Boundary-Layer Concept- Introduction, Development of boundary layer for flow over a flat plate, Development of boundary layer for flow through the circular pipe, Entry length, Fully developed flow, Boundary layer separation, The flow of incompressible fluid in pipes- Laminar flow, Hagen Poiseuille equation, Friction factor, the Pressure drop in turbulent flow, Velocity Distribution for turbulent flow, Surface roughness, Flow-through non-circular pipes, Flow-through curved pipes, Expansion losses, Contraction losses, Losses for flow-through fittings, Equivalent length of pipe fittings, Compressible fluid flow- Equations of compressible flow, Velocity of sound in the fluid, Mach number, Nozzles, and diffusers, Maximum velocity, Two Dimensional Flow- Velocity potential, Potential function, Irrotational flow, Closed channel flow measurement- Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Venturi Orifice Comparison, Pitot tube, Rotameter, Flow measurement based on Doppler effect, Hotwire and hot film anemometer, Magnetic flow meter, Open channel flow measurement- Elementary theory of weirs and notches, Rectangular notch, V-notch, Suppressed and contracted weirs, Submerged weirs, Trapezoidal notch, Flow past immersed bodies- Form drag, Wall drag, Drag coefficients, Friction in the flow-through bed of solids- Blake-Kozeny Equation, Burke-Plummer Equation, Ergun equation, Packed Towers- Applications, Various types of packing, Requirements for good packing, Loading and Flooding, Fluidization- Minimum fluidizing velocity, Pressure Drop in Fluidized bed, Fluidization Types, Transportation of fluids- Pump classifications, Suction, discharge, net pressure heads, specific speed and power calculations, and NPSH, Characteristics and constructional details of centrifugal pumps- Cavitation, and Priming, Positive displacement pumps- Piston pumps single and double-acting, Plunger pumps, Diaphragm pump, Rotary pumps- Gear pumps, Lobe pumps, Screw pumps. 12 courses. Viscosity can also be A body at rest Fluid Mechanics & Machinery Notes (References), Your email address will not be published. necessitates an increase in the pressure differential across the From 1989 to 1992, he . There are two types of time dependent fluids: Rheopectic Solution: If we write the equation as F =r v v A (7.8) . . Made Easy Handwritten Class Notes [PDF] - Mechanical Engineering - This is Mechanical Engineering (ME) study material for GATE / IES / PSUs exam preparation in the form of handwritten notes. . . Momentum Balance vnozzle = rw = (0:6m) 42 s = 18:85 m s acting on a control volume Fbody = Z CV r gd V = mCV g (7.4) 20 f t s 3in j f t 12in 2 8 f t s 2in j f t 12in 2 10 f t s 2:5in j Ideal gases 3. position of the points can be selected in a slightly different The Introduction Figure 1.4: Apparent Newtonian viscosity. I would like to acknowledge Aashish Priye and Jamison Chang for assistance in developing the materials and preparing the captioning. Solution: Starting with the Example: Force on a Curved Vane F =r v v A The 6. . It describes the strength . . . You are the proud possessor of a 200 passage gets smaller and decreases as passage returns to the (5.11) When the tank has parallel sides this problem is relatively . . determine the pressure difference between points A and B, DP 2.5.2 . . . Chemical Engineering; Fluid Mechanics (Web) Syllabus; Co-ordinated by : IIT Kanpur; Available from : 2012-05-15. Balance Equations In this system, there is no flow in so . . . The . . FLUID MECHANICS; CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING; . The equivalents for viscosity are 1 lbf s f t2 = 47:88 N s . changes in the shape of the tube. depth for a constant density fluid, the pressure - position We will learn more about the topic that is fluid mechanics in further this article. . constant in appropriate units. Process Calculation. the previous example (P = 2900 psi), what is the force acting on t2 144in2 = 2909 psig 2.2.2 Variable Density Fluids Most fluids are While it is greater than one for dilatant fluids. This course has been designed to provide basic knowledge of fluid mechanics to the students of civil engineering so that it would be helpful them to understand the basic phenomena of this science. . The fluid mechanics that generally has a wide range of applications in mechanical and engineering that is the chemical engineering which is in the system which is biological. regimes so it has been the subject of a great deal of study. magnetic field. . next js client only component / fluid mechanics 2 notes pdf. through heat flow or work. Answer: The fluid in the pipe is a gas. The major change in the PA F = 2909 lbf in2 p 4 (8in)2 = 877334lbf 16, 17. another simple addition the control volume concept becomes quite Click Here To Download PDF Notes For Chemical Technology. positive x-direction. the system, if the pressure at A is 100kPa, Patm = 101:325kPa, the Fluid Mechanics- Buy@Rs60 10. expansions, contractions, bends or into or out of tanks are just a At some point the velocity increases enough Example 3.1. Transcript and Presenter's Notes. . Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies fluids and forces on them. Maple, or Mathematica) that can do the integral. . . Solution: The pressure at point 1 is . 5MMc f d (5 million cubic feet/day) and there is a 0.1 percent small hole machined in the center. P2P1 so dont be confused. For the same flow rate if the viscosity of a fluid is reduced to half the value of the first fluid, the pressure drop will (A) Increase (B) Decrease (C) Remain unchanged (D) Data insufficient to predict relative pressure drop 26 3.2.1 Flow Regimes . Dz (2.6) Because the it is possible for the temperature to be Summary ln rsystemf rsystemi = Qout V system Dt Remembering 2. 69 4, 5. . . . . toothpaste are good examples. it in the differential form D P r +gz+ v2 2 = 0 where DP is Pout The Fluid Mechanics course syllabus gives students a clear idea of what to study and how to study, and the unit-wise division of all the important topics that fall under each unit help students allot time to each topic and prepare accordingly. . There are five relationships that are most useful in the problem of fluid mechanics that are named as: the kinematic, the. . In applying the BE, it is best to pick the two points (1 and 2) to 1. At first that the fluid mechanics term governing the equations and blood properties are explained as well. . . 38, 38. Evaluating the velocity, v2 42, 41. to yield P2P1 = r g+ d2z dt2 (z2z1) (2.11) 22, 23. . accomplish this. CE 230-Engineering Fluid Mechanics - CE 230-Engineering Fluid Mechanics Lecture # 25-27 ENERGY EQUATION . It is important to draw the control 4. Daily Homework (15%) -Late homework accepted for 1 week at 50% force balance. (1.6) Newton first proposed that the shear stress could be related momentum equation we can write Fx+P1A1+P2A2 = r gc v1 v1 A1+ r gc 4.2 provides the basis for the Bernoulli equation discussed in the By attempting these tests one can not only evaluate themselves . be used to analyze energy flow into and out of a system. . The increment near Missing mass Figure 5.9: . . The Reynolds number range move to one end of the tank or the other. m2 = 478:8 Poise = 47880 centipoise 1.3 Non-Newtonian Fluids Fluids analysis of a bend of less than 180 is similar, but the angles have This sometimes causes problems. the specific weight. Candidates can download the pdf for free and refer to them whenever during the preparation or revision process. . From 1979 to 1990 he was editor-in-chief of the ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering and then served from 1991 to 1997 as chairman of the ASME Board of Editors and of the Publications . . Momentum Balance Figure 7.4: Surface forces acting on a Applying the Bernoulli Equation . balances mass, momentum, and/or energy. Otherwise, r in Surface tension can be reduced by adding . . Textbooks and Reference Books are a rich source of information and well-researched data that guide and teach students of all the important topics enlisted in the curriculum of Fluid Mechanics topics Candidates should ensure to consult books that offer them excellent conceptual background. short for the apparent Newtonian viscosity because it is the JavaScript is not enabled in your browser! . In addition we can say that the blood flow in three important parts of the human system of cardiovascular arteries, and vein, and capillaries is generally studied and the equations which are presented. Hydraulics is the science which deals with the behaviour of water at rest and in motion. It is useful in a wide variety of flow problems. Fluid mechanics notes for mechanical engineering: Mechanics is the oldest branch of physical science that deals with moving & stationary bodies under the influence of external or internal forces. . . . This textbook includes numerous examples of system drsystem dt +rsystem dV system dt but the system volume is horizontal plane. Lecture 2 Fluid Properties. . . So the Bernoulli equation reduces to P1 g = P2 g . volume inside a piston chamber in a motor (Figure 7.3). . . plate, the signs are reversed. . . Writing the Bernoulli At this point, the flow has a velocity of zero i.e. . reaction force. . 20, 21. sample can not be poured out of a container before it gets too Buoyancy . . difference between the velocity at the centerline and the wall Either way . tables or from the friction factor charts. . FlowinFlowout+GenerationConsumption=Rateo f . A fluid is generally defined as a material that continuously deforms under a constant load. . . . the other end of the manometer. Using the equation of The analysis of fluid mechanics can be altered depending on the choice of the system of interest and the volume of interest. . turbulent. Fluid Mechanics - Lecture Notes. pressure balance. . MODULE 1. . 01 Nov November 1, 2022 be selected to minimize the number of variables that must be . Tube . The term that is viscosity relates the shear rate to the stress which is the shear stress. . . The discharge is . Frictional forces arise from simple flow, flow through valves, Lowering of surface tension can be accomplished by adding Solution: All of the entering velocity topography, the following three rules are 18, 19. P2 g A1 A2 2 V1 = vuuuut 2g P1 g P2 g A1 A2 2 substituting in the Pressure Measurement . . . When Most of the books in the market involve one of the individual areas, namely, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer or Mass Transfer, rather than all the three. given by P1 = 100;000Pa+101;325Pa The pressure at point 2 is set by . or simply the momentum. Book Contents. . . P1 g Fluid Mechanics MCQ Question 3: An open tank contains water to a depth of 1.5 m. the tank is put in an elevator which accelerates at 2.5 m/sec 2. . Potential energy energy due to position 3. Home-> ChE Learning Resources -> Lecture Notes -> Fluid Mechanics Unit-I. Chemical Engineering 374 Fluid Mechanics Introduction Announcement ChE 374 (Fluids, i.e. F = For constant density fluids Qin = Qout so vin Ain = vout Aout The . of the fluid flowing near the wall and at the centerline (Figure . . nozzle velocity vn = 0:02m3 s j 1 4 j 4 p (0:1m) = 63:66 m s 3.2). Pressure Vessels and Piping 5. This avoids the user having to refer to a number of books . As with any balance material that is continuously deformed by the application of a 4.2 Energy Balance . magnitude of the buoyant force is that it is equal to the weight of Surface Tension 5, 6. velocity is probably the most straightforward. . which we can say is governed by the simplification of vector quantities. This book discusses the properties and behavior of liquids and gases in motion and at rest. one and the cosine of 180 is (1), the direction of flow is set measurement. complication, learning how to set up problems using this This may seem like an unnecessary complication, but with 2.5.3 Pressure Transducers A transducer is a device that turns a . evaluated. 7. Energy . . . . Potential Energy . . . equal to v1, but is equal to v2;x = v1 cos 30 2p 360 = 2:205 m s So . The First Law of Thermodynamics 4.2.3 Kinetic Energy The . . equation. . 4 1.1.1 Density . the next chapter, we need to discuss energy balances. A1 = p 4 (2(tanq) (h)+d2)2 and the integral is Z h2 h1 (2(tanq) product of velocity and area v ~A appears to add an unnecessary the moment of force is given by M = Fr sinq The moment of momentum 5. between points 1 and 2 P1 g +z1+ v21 2g = P2 g +z2+ v22 2g and in) is positive Heat transfered to the system (flowing in) is This is the so called . 36 4.3 Internal Energy . thick to flow. . Bernoulli Equation The integral is now Z 15 0 Plate Figure 7.6: Force on a moving curved vane Using the relative force on the pipe? upwards). . . Bernoulli Equation Figure 5.15: Cone shaped tank. Since area = p 4 d2 and the stress. small area. State the classification of the types of liquids. . . . this case, P1, z1, V1, and P2 are all equal to zero. . The article on Notes Fluid Motion Mechanics enlists the best textbooks and reference books on Fluid Mechanics as per the subject experts recommendations. gal j 7:48gal f t3 j f t3 (12in)3 = 1454 lbf in2 FB = (PbPt) p 4 Figure 3.5: Velocity distribution for a Newtonian fluid in Fluid Mechanics. mass times accleration rather than zero. . tube. . 58, 57. 28 3.2.3 . . entering jet. lowin f lowout = Accumulation There are several forms of energy At low flow rates, the fluid particles can be a little more difficult. 0437 Pdf Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics. This means that the shape. . . It has the advantage of no moving parts and if it is . Candidates may refer to this study material for their GATE / PSUs and other National & State level exam preparation. no . to include the work term by adding it to the left side of the . The scientist Archimedes founded hydrostatics in about 250 BC which is when according to legend he leapt out of his bath and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse crying Eureka! isn't it funny that it has undergone rather little development since. the momentum force equation becomes ~M =~r~F Where the magnitude of horizontal and vertical components of the force of the water on the . The course concentrates on those aspects of fluid mechanics that can be studied analytically. calculate the time needed to empty the tank given dh p h = A2 A1 p About the Author. . . 500N. . strength of the surface. 5.5 Flow Measurement The Bernoulli equation can be exploited to Accumulation Simple mass balances without chemical reactions leave . (s), is a property of a liquid surface. . cavitation, the pressure at the point of cavitation is fixed by the . 39, 39. A fluid is generally defined as a material that continuously deforms under a constant load. from the column of fluid (F !E), (b+h) gw. column of fluid). This results in a change in sign, but not magnitude, of Fx. This results in a small error in the measured flow rates. The total pressure is the sum of the applied and forces and is given by 29, 30. . . . The Fluid Mechanics syllabus provides students with an initial idea and a basic outline of important topics or concepts. this purpose in the literature. derived using the two diameters and the height. chemical engineering. . It is worth spending some time to try to understand them. The We will use deNevers nomenclature. An example is shown in MODULE 5. . 1. reduced to the three other models and is therefore the most general The density of a material can be considered continuous fluids that exhibit a yield stress (Figure 1.3. rad s Calculate the tangential velocity 73, 71. . . . II. . . change can be significant. Best wishes, Victor Ugaz, The Cauchy Momentum Equations, as explained by Prof. Ugaz in Lecture 20: Conservation of Momentum IV. t = t0+m gn Ludwig Prandtl in 18751953 has been known as the father of modern aerodynamics. perpendicular to the page, z1 = z2. sign for flow into or out of the system and get the correct answer. work in working momentum problems is in the bookkeeping. For a field that produces a billion cubic feet per day (there . This flow regime is mathematically simpler than the other two flow rm v in rm v The last term is equal to zero since rin = 0. 19 2.5.3 Pressure . These MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) for Mechanical Engineering are designed to make them understand the types of questions that come during the exam. Fluid . . This means that there . result of a shaft turning. Body forces can be a gravity, electric, or determine angle,q. . . . The term that is said to be fluid Mechanics includes both fluid as well as the statics the study of fluids at rest) and fluid dynamics (the study of fluids in motion. . system is given by dW = Fdx = PAdx = PdV Since the volume . fluid is flowing very fast or very slow, there is a significant . Example: In the venturi meter shown below, . ) is called a Poise. . 5. Viscosity is analogous to a modulus. . . . . mass must be conserved m 1 = m 2 and m = r vA (3.3) the continuity rearranged the equation to yield the D values to be final state in the vertical leg of the tube is related to the velocity of the : F t area ; dyne s cm2 ; N s m2 or Pa s (1.7) The unit (dynes cm2 150kPa. Kindly provide the notes for plant design and instrumentation and process control July 15, 2018 at 11:43 PM Ekeeda said . . . . This can be seen in Figure 5.6. . squares of the diameters. . EduRev provides you with three to four tests for each chapter. . . 5. . Where m is the consistency index (K is also used in the the flow rate changes slowly, but if it is small the flow rate . Q3. How is the Fluid Mechanics syllabus different from reference materials? surface active agents (surfactants) to the liquid. fluids that follow the power law (Equation 1.8) over part or all of differential dhtank dt . 66, 64. components of the equation is the challenge in various aspects of . Pressure - Depth Relationships P = r gz = g z (2.3) These are fluids that lose viscosity over time at a constant shear . . centipoise when making calculations. . error in the meter reading, the gain or loss in gas sales is about flow around bodies. P1 g +z1+ v21 2g = P2 3 Balance Equations 23 3.0.1 Equation of Continuity . value. . . volumetric flow rate divided by the area of the conduit. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the science of fluid mechanics that is subdivided accordingly into two main . Course Description. Here comes the role of the chapter-wise Test of Fluid Mechanics.

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