Iranians complained about the change and started a Twitter campaign asking "Where's the Persian Gulf?". Persia is the ancient name for Iran and Persian Gulf is the most widely accepted reference for the body of water in question and has been since the fifth century B.C. This coincided with the early mapmaking efforts of Gerard Mercator, whose 1541 terrestrial globe attempts to give the most up-to-date information, naming the gulf Sinus Persicus, nunc Mare de Balsera ("Persian Gulf, now Sea of Basra"). Considering the historical background of the name Persian Gulf, Arnold Wilson mentions in a book published in 1928 that "no water channel has been so significant as the Persian Gulf to the geologists, archaeologists, geographers, merchants, politicians, excursionists, and scholars whether in past or in present. The term Persian Gulf (or Arabian Gulf, the name used by Arabs) sometimes is employed to refer not only to the Persian Gulf proper but also to its outlets, the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman, which open into the Arabian Sea. Persian - Arabian Gulf. What's in a name? The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. Map. Persian Gulf news Visit RT to read news on the Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf). The region experiences more cloud cover in winter than summer. The dispute in naming has become especially prevalent since the 1960s. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Persian Gulf is well known for being the battlefield of the Iran VS Iraq war from 1980-1998. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Persian Gulf islands are often also historically significant, having been used in the past by colonial powers such as the Portuguese and the British in their trade or as acquisitions for their empires.[7]. This map names Red Sea "Sinus Arabicus", The Ottoman Cedid Atlas of 1803 calling it the Gulf of Basra, Gerard Mercator's map of 1595 showing Persian Gulf terminology (, Map by Abraham Ortelius, dated 1580 using the term "Persicus" (, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Learn how and when to remove this template message. The gulf is approximately 1000 km long and 200 to 300 km wide, with an area of about 250,000 km. Following British attempts to establish control over the seaway in the late 1830s, the Times Journal, published in London in 1840, referred to the Persian Gulf as the "Britain Sea", but this name was never used in any other context.[17]. Date: 1525. The Persian Gulf receives only small amounts of river-borne sediment except in the northwest, where immense quantities of silt are deposited by the Tigris, Euphrates, and Krn rivers and other smaller streams as they empty into the gulf, by way of the Shatt Al-Arab. The countries surrounding the Persian Gulf have a combined population of about 100 million people. It connects with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea through the Strait of Hormuz, which is 30 to 60 miles (48 to 96 kilometers) wide. 2011-09-21. There has been an enormous backlash against the US governments attempt to promote the term Arabian Gulf in preference to the historic norm of Persian Gulf. Large quantities of fine dust and, in places, quartz sand, however, are blown into the sea by predominant northwest winds from the desert areas of the surrounding lands. The Persian Gulf, along with the Silk Road, were important trade routes in the Sassanid Empire. 1 / 43. Although Iraq has the shortest coastline, it is the most populous Persian Gulf State, with about 41.2 million people. The Ottoman Empire reasserted itself into Eastern Arabia in 1871. Other popular cities along the Persian Gulf are Al-Faw (Iraq), Bandar Abbas (Iran), Khobar (Saudi Arabia), and Doha (Qatar). Thus, the gulfs salinity ranges from 37 to 41 parts/1000. It is also recognised as the legal international standard by the United Nations , which says, any change, destruction, or alteration of the names registered inhistorical deeds and maps is like the destruction of ancient works and is considered as an improper action. Following the arrival of the English and the Dutch, the Safavid Empire allied with the newcomers to contest Portuguese dominance of the seas in the 17th century.[36]. The word "Persian" is erased from the phrase "Persian Gulf". 'Gulf of Fars', pronounced [xlide fs]), sometimes called the Arabian Gulf (Arabic: , romanized: Al-Khalj al-Arab), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Temperatures are high, though winters may be quite cool at the northwestern extremities. The deeper parts of the Persian Gulf adjacent to the Iranian coast and the area around the Tigris-Euphrates delta are mainly floored with gray-green muds rich in calcium carbonate. Exploration is ongoing, with new deposits discovered offshore. Cliffs are rare on the Arabian shore of the gulf, except around the base of the Qatar Peninsula and in the extreme southeast around the Strait of Hormuz, where they form the spectacular coast of the Musandam Peninsula. Its length is 989 kilometres (615 miles), with Iran covering most of the northern coast and Saudi Arabia most of the southern coast. Before being given its present name, the Persian Gulf was called many different names. The Al Fahidi Mosque, quiet . Covering a surface area of 93,000 square miles . The Persian Gulf is joined in the east to the Arabian Sea by the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman. Abstract: The Persian Gulf (also known as Arabian Gulf) is surrounded by desalination plants with about 50% of worldwide capacity to desalinate seawater. Saddam Hussein's regime genocided an entire race of 500,000 people known as the "Marsh Arabs" after the Persian Gulf War by literally destroying the environment that their entire civilation was built upon, building 32 dams to turn their homes and farms . This water channel which separates the Iran Plateau from the Arabia Plate, has enjoyed an Iranian Identity since at least 2200 years ago. Many of the most notable historical instances of piracy were perpetrated by the Al Qasimi tribe. The name Persian Gulf is still recognised by most governments, even some arms of the US government. Three of these, Qeshm, Hormuz, and Hengam- located south of Bandar Abbas city- are the most popular and fairly close to each other. [31][32], Following the fall of Achaemenid Empire, and after the fall of the Parthian Empire, the Sassanid Empire ruled the northern half and at times the southern half of the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish and the British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. The Persian Gulf is just 210 miles wide at the widest. The Persian Gulf exclusive economic zone covers 240,756 km2, with Iran accounting for 97,860 km2. What is the worlds largest inland sea? Bahrain comprises over 50 islands centered on the Bahrain Island. A concentration basin has a higher salinity than a dilution basin. Dugong mother and her offspring in shallow water, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins off the southern shore of Iran, around Hengam Island, Spinner dolphins leaping in the Persian gulf, Critically endangered Arabian humpback whales (being the most isolated, and the only resident population in the world) off Dhofar, Oman. From among the writings of others in the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darius the Great, installed at junction of waters of Red Sea and the Nile river and the Rome river (current Mediterranean) which belongs to the fifth century BC where Darius the Great has named the Persian Gulf Water Channel: "Pars Sea" ("Persian Sea"). Chemical precipitation is abundant in the coastal waters, and sands and muds are produced that mix with the skeletal debris of the local sea life. Kuwaits capital, Kuwait City, is also located along the gulf coast. There are no MPAs for fisheries. The Arabs then began to use the name 'Arabian Gulf'", he added. Orcas and whales are rare due to overfishing and illegal mass hunting. Also a point of terminology. [4] Depths less than 50 m predominate; the maximum depth is 102 m. Find all the news from the Persian Gulf in different spheres such as politics and the economy. However, there is . [20], In a 1974 interview by Mike Wallace in 60 Minutes, the last Shah of Iran himself preferred the term "Persian Gulf" while talking to Wallace. The term Arabian Gulf has been in casual but inconsistent use by various members of the US navy and government, and by many Arab states, for a few decades now. ", A planned second Islamic Solidarity Games in Iran, originally scheduled to take place in October 2009, and later rescheduled for April 2010, was canceled when the Arab World and Iran could not agree over the use of the term "Persian Gulf" in logos and medals for the Games. In this basin vast quantities of sediments accumulatedmostly limestone and marls (a mixture of calcareous and silicate mud), together with evaporites and organic matterwhich ultimately produced the areas extensive oil resources. Tehran (IP)- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran has discussed the baseless accusations by foreign ministers of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, stressing that three islands of Abu Musa, the Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb eternally belong to Iran. [48] The magazine repeated this act in its 18 February 2010 article titled "Iraq, Iran and the Politics of Oil: Crude Diplomacy". [56][57] Whales were reduced even further by illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. fabric presents sherelle. The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. urinary tract infection immune response. Firstly, Arab leaders argued that the term the Persian Gulf is simply outdated as the ancient Iranian empires which long ago dominated the entire Gulf region, but no more. Safaniya Oil Field, the world's largest offshore oilfield, is located in the Persian Gulf. Then . The island is low and flat and mostly covered by salt marshes, making it uninhabitable. Teymoor Nabili (a senior presenter for Al Jazeera English) said "ironically, among the major drivers of the movement for change were Arab perceptions that Iran, driven by Washington, had supported Israel during the Arab-Israeli war of 1973". [45][46][47] This was the combined efforts of hundreds of bloggers, webmasters and Persian forums who pointed links with the word Arabian Gulf to a spoof error page found at this link.[47]. Many of the trading ports of the Persian empires were located in or around Persian Gulf. Several factors have affected the Persian Gulfs ecosystem, including the Gulf War, improper waste disposal, oil spills, and real estate development. [1] It is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial liquefied natural gas (LNG) and petrochemical industry. Intense heating of the land adjacent to the coasts leads to gentle offshore winds in the mornings and strong onshore winds in the afternoons and evenings. The area supports large green turtle populations in Saudi Arabia and in Oman; smaller nesting aggregations in Iran and Kuwait; and hawksbills nesting in Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). "Some Arab nations call it the Arabian Gulf. [32], Abdel Khaleq al-Janabi, a Saudi Arabian historian, said "It's this name [Persian Gulf] that has been retained by history books and Arab historians, like Ibn Khaldoun and Ibn al Athir. This discussion, however, focuses primarily on the Persian Gulf proper. The gulf is home to over 700 fish species. Its length is some 615 miles (990 km), and its width varies from a maximum of about 210 miles (340 km) to a minimum of 35 miles (55 km) in the Strait of Hormuz. [40] The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of World War I and the need for troops in various other frontiers. Persian Gulf is considered to be an extension of the Indian Ocean, and is a Mediterranean sea. The "Gulf" refers to the body of water known as the Arabian Gulf in GCC countries, or the Persian Gulf as referred to in many other places. [49] Google Earth continues to show both names, unless viewed through a server from a Gulf Coast Arab country, in which case it labels it simply "Arabian Gulf. Mangroves' ability to survive the salt water through intricate molecular mechanisms, their unique reproductive cycle, and their ability to grow in the most oxygen-deprived waters have allowed them extensive growth in hostile areas of the Persian gulf. Most of these plants dispose of hypersaline effluent (brine) via surface and nearshore outfall into the Gulf. 22 -Monday, 29 November 2010, South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert, South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field, Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman, Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel, 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone, Persian Gulf International Education Center, Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands, Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persian_Gulf_naming_dispute&oldid=1103358644, Articles with Arabic-language sources (ar), Articles with dead external links from June 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles needing additional references from June 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing more viewpoints from June 2022, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "The Persian Gulf" and international organisations. The Persian Gulf is about 56km (35mi) wide at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. This discussion, however, focuses primarily on the Persian Gulf proper. In the second century the Lakhum tribe, who lived in what is now Yemen, migrated north and founded the Lakhmid Kingdom along the southern coast. It is located in Western Asia. Although the Gulf region is known world wide for . [21] In February 2010 Iran threatened to ban from its airspace foreign airlines, especially those from the Gulf region, who did not use the term "Persian Gulf". [10] Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". There are several islands in the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, the Persian Gulf state. The Navy has been forced to post an explanation, of sorts, insisting: We certainly havent done anything out of malice or disrespect for your proud heritage that has existed long before we were even a navy. [42] The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through which the Allies transported equipment to Soviet Union against the Nazi invasion. The Persian Gulf is joined in the east to the Arabian Sea by the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman. In 2004, the society published a new edition of its National Geographic Atlas of the World using the term "Arabian Gulf" as an alternative name (in smaller type and in parentheses) for "Persian Gulf". The Iranian shore is mountainous, and there often are cliffs; elsewhere a narrow coastal plain with beaches, intertidal flats, and small estuaries borders the gulf. The swell from the Indian Ocean affects only the water at the entrance of the gulf; when it is opposed by wind, turbulent conditions result. After the fall of the Parthian Empire, the Sassanid Empire ruled the northern half and at times the southern half of the Persian Gulf. The water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, and therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. . The shallow basin that now underlies the Persian Gulf was an extensive region of river valley and wetlands during the transition between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and the start of the Holocene, which, according to University of Birmingham archaeologist Jeffrey Rose, served as an environmental refuge for early humans during periodic hyperarid climate oscillations, laying the foundations for the legend of Dilmun. The UK still maintains a profile in the region. In Arab countries the terms "Gulf" and "Arabian Gulf" are preferred: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. [91][92] The oil-rich countries (excluding Iraq) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the Persian Gulf States. A Saudi ARAMCO map from 1952 using the term "Persian Gulf" ( ). [24] Rivalry between Iran and some Arab states, along with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, has seen the name "Arabian Gulf" become predominant in most Arab countries. Other significant islands in the Persian Gulf include Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Kish administered by Iran, Bubiyan administered by Kuwait, Tarout administered by Saudi Arabia, and Dalma administered by UAE. Mohammed Thani Murshed Al Romaithi", "MIDEAST Gulf rivalry between Iran, UAE transfered [, "Iran accuses UAE of racism in renaming Pro League to the Arabian Gulf League", "Iran bars captain's UAE transfer over Gulf name", "Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the name: Persian Gulf", Factsheet on the Legal and Historical Usage of the "Persian Gulf" ISG MIT, ISNA: "Goods labelled with "Arabian Gulf" banned in Iran. Near Places. Iran borders it on the east, Pakistan on the south, and Oman on the. persian gulf also known as arabian gulf islands Deja una respuesta worldwide cultural org crossword. A shallow sea of the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf separates the Arabian Peninsula from Iran in southwestern Asia. Some of the Islands in the Persian Gulf are Qeshm Island, Kish, Abu Musa, Hormuz Island, Kharg Island, Hengam Island . The water circulation in these seas is dominated by temperature and salinity differences rather than tides or winds. However, some of these protected areas are not well-managed. During the end of the fourth millennium BC, the southern part of the Persian Gulf was dominated by the Dilmun civilization. [25][26] Names beyond these two have also been applied to or proposed for this body of water. Term. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2022 worldatlas.com. Since Iran is also called Persia, rival Arab states would rather call the gulf by alternative names. Most pollution is from ships; land generated pollution counts as the second most common source of pollution. [31] Persian naval forces laid the foundation for a strong Persian maritime presence in Persian Gulf, that started with Darius I and existed until the arrival of the British East India Company, and the Royal Navy by mid-19th century AD. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Thunderstorms and fog are rare, but dust storms and haze occur frequently in summer. The water body is bounded by several countries, including Iran to the north, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates on the peninsula, and Bahrain, Iraq, and Kuwait in the northwest. Max Depth - 1025 m. Major Ports - Baku, Aktau, Atyrau. The US governments attempt to promote the term Arabian Gulf in preference to Persian Gulf has prompted a backlas. [22] The name Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf) is used by the International Hydrographic Organization.[23]. [26], Iran officially designated 30 April as National Persian Gulf Day. [54], Along the mediterranean regions of the Arabian Sea, including the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Kutch, the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba, the Gulf of Aden, and the Gulf of Oman, dolphins and finless porpoises are the most common marine mammals in the waters, while larger whales and orcas are rarer today. Humidity is high. [58] Similarly, the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation was founded in 2016 for the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf (used to be known also as the Arabian Gulf or the Gulf of Iran) is a small part of Indian Ocean located between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Fishing remains an important activity for the people living around the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of crude oil. Some parties use terms like "The Gulf" or the "Arabo-Persian Gulf". This name has become contested by some Arab countries since the 1960s[3] in connection with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, resulting in the invention of the toponym "Arabian Gulf" (Arabic: ) as well as the "Gulf", which are terms used in some Arab countries. The Arabian Gulf, also known as the Persian Gulf, is a large body of water branching to the north-west from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, just north of the Tropic of Cancer. Physical Geography Iran only uses the term "Persian Gulf" and does not usually recognize the naming when it is referred to as "Arabian Gulf" or just the "Gulf" or by any other alternative. The average depth of the Persian Gulf is 50m with the deepest depth being 90m making it a relatively shallow body of water. [5]. Caspian sea is located . Geographically, the biggest island in the Persian Gulf is Qeshm island, belonging to Iran and located in the Strait of Hormuz. Retrieved from the website: Pernetta, John. [15] Among all this confusion, the old name gradually reasserted itself in the 17th century, but Turkey still uses the name "Gulf of Basra" (Basra Krfezi)[16] in Turkish today. He said that it was "without foundation" to claim the Romans named it "Arabian Gulf". Earliest evidence of human presence on Persian Gulf islands dates back to Middle Paleolithic and consist of stone tools discovered at Qeshm Island. The Gulf region, particularly the shallow southern basin, is the warmest sea on the planet during summer, with sea surface temperatures regularly exceeding 35C in August (Vaughan et al., 2018 . [33], Portuguese influence in the Persian Gulf lasted for 250 years;[34] however, since the beginning of the 16th century, Portuguese dominance[35] contended with the local powers and the Ottoman Empire. A historical map of the Persian Gulf in Saeed Al Maktoum House, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The classical Greek writers, like Herodotus, called it "the Red Sea." Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 some people in Islamic groups suggested the use of "Islamic Gulf" or "Muslim Gulf". grammar. a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world . [31], The Achaemenid high naval command had established major naval bases located along Shatt al-Arab river, Bahrain, Oman, and Yemen. [11] In the book of Nearchus known as The Indik (300 BC), the word "Persikon kaitas" is mentioned for multiple times meaning "Persian gulf". [2] The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to rising sea levels of the Holocene glacial retreat. The general circulation pattern in the gulf is counterclockwise and is characterized by its vertical nature: as surface water enters from the Indian Ocean, it is subject to evaporation, thus becoming denser and sinking to flow out into the Indian Ocean beneath the inflowing water from the open ocean. Sediments are thrown up by the Al Qasimi tribe Gulf grew in the 19th century by unclear ecosystem boundaries species. Land-Based conflict that followed Iraq 's invasion of Kuwait its length is 989 kilometres, a Ruled southern shores, later becoming the site for the region & # x27 ; s largest single source oil Some parties use terms like `` the Gulf narrows to only 34 miles at. 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