se7en how was sloth alive

Doe hoped that in turn Mills would then kill him, fulfilling the final sin, wrath (which also makes sure John is punished by death for his sin). When John says that he has to readjust his schedule, it may just mean that he is changing the location of the murders, or his "headquarters", not the victims per se. He gets brad Pitt to kill him. Perhaps theres an aspect of enablement to this. I think Saw affords the illusion of the possibility of escape, but not the reality of it. Sloth is defined as spiritual or emotional apathy, neglecting what God has spoken, and being physically and emotionally inactive. Indeed, in John's home, several newspaper clippings can be seen on a cupboard that describe Eli Gould defending Victor and getting him an acquittal, so this may have been how John Doe selected them.Which brings us to the seventh victim. The "Sloth" victim was Victor (Michael Reid MacKay), a notorious paedophile. Love this movie a tonne. This sees Mills and Somerset caught up in Doe's sadistic scheme as the killer attempts to exact his final murders. Plus the salaries of actors, directors, producers, film crew etc.. plus props, makeup, and so on. My family once resold a car because no mater what we did the persons B.O. I'm just glad the film dedicated so little time to that one. If we discount Alien3, this is one of the strongest directorial debuts ever. Where are Billy Crudup, Kate Hudson, Patrick Fugit now? Ive never been enamored by Se7en. Detective Mills is "Wrath"; when John Doe reveals what he has done to Tracy, Mills becomes enraged and shoots John Doe, making him the fatality of the sin Wrath. Laziness is not considered becoming in many traditional customs. No crime scene in "Seven" was more gruesome than the one that awaited Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman as they burst through a wooddoor to find "Sloth.". Gluttony, lust, sloth, and greed are all particularly brutal. Change). On The Last of Us As A Study of Evolving Masculinity. I'm okay..' What a shock. Fair enough. This is further proven by Somerset's decision not to retire, as he's shocked out of his apathy, which is referred to in an earlier scene where he discusses his reasons for retiring with Mills. Throughout the film, Mills is considered Somerset's successor, and Doe's targeting of the young detective is seemingly a way of forcing Somerset to take stock of himself. The year is 9,000 B.C. Did Maester Luwin really believe that sorcery and magic is no more? | "I get that a lot. By manipulating Detective Mills into killing him and bringing his plan to fruition, John Doe wins. He said he would do it, but ONLY if it was the draft he read. Are used voice text on my previous comment. Finite abelian groups with fewer automorphisms than a subgroup. in the last scene, Tracy died by Doe's jealousy hence "envy" then Doe died by Mills' hatred hence "wrath" Share Improve this answer Follow answered Jan 27, 2015 at 22:17 Gab 21 1 Add a comment 0 Doe mutilates Slade's face, then gives her the option of calling for help and living with her disfigurement or ending her own life with an overdose of sleeping pills. The FAQ items below may give away important plot points. Seven Berks wrestlers advanced to the semifinals Friday at the PIAA Class 2A Southeast Regional Championships at Bethlehem Freedom High School. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. I hadn't seen this movie in years and, seeing the photos, thought you meant alive that year. Doe probably also had his eye on Eli Gould, the second victim (Greed), because he was the one who kept Victor out of jail. What LA doesn't have is the weather. Reminder that Paltrow didn't get off easy during envy. What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? If you notice it is raining and everything mix up the final scene. He didnt directly kill him by imposing sloth upon him, he forced him to live the sloth lifestyle for ages and then he died. Where does this (supposedly) Gibson quote come from? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Remember that the reason the police are visiting the Sloth victim are because his fingerprints were identified at the Greed murder scene. The tubes are an IV line carrying nutrients, fluids, and whatever drugs John Doe was using to keep the victim alive and placid for the year he was trapped in the apartment. I suppose drug dealing is a lazy way to make money, but child abuse doesnt seem slothful. rev2023.3.3.43278. Even this kind of characterization wouldnt be a problem if the story and plot was inherently interesting. The murders in the film, as the title implies, all follow a fairly basic theme, with each based around one of the seven deadly sins. Would Mills have gone to prison for shooting and killing John Doe? That being said, Ive never really understood the appeal of Se7en. But Tracy wouldn't play along, so he took a souvenir-Tracy's head. RELATED:Predator: 10 Hidden Details Everyone Completely Missed, Se7en is the tale of two detectives who are investigating a serial murderer who is drawing inspiration for his killings from the seven deadly sins. Theodore Victor Allen grew up with abusive parents, and as a result of this, suffered a a variety of mental illnesses later on in life. "And Iwas like, 'How did youknow it was me? If you go back to the scene where Pitt and Freeman search Johns apartment you will see a newspaper clipping that reads something like Lawyer sets free pedophile, public is outraged and John circles Lawyer and pedophile. But like any movie that is this thought out and detailed, there are dozens of little Easter eggs and tidbits that the average audience member would never notice. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Edit, They are the most deadly vices, according to Pope Gregory the Great in the 6th century. "Im pretty proud of it. When I first watched it I jumped so high I could've landed on the moon. Prosthetic body makeup made the tortured victim appear all the more starved and the scene forever terrifying - 25 years after the film's release on Sept. 22, 1995. I guess because the chick was some Supermodel or actress or whatever she was guilty of pride? Choosing being a criminal and to rape children is easy to do, because he chooses not to work hard and prefers to make money in the easy way, meaning forms of both physical and mental sloth. Se7en has really grown on me over the years. One definition is a habitual disinclination to exertion, or laziness. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. I agree with the second part." Meanwhile, John is telling Mills how much he admires him and envies the life he has made for himself, so much that he went to Mills' home that morning and tried to play husband with Tracy. Its amazing and sometimes bizarre the questions we have after watching a film particularly after weve already seen it, so we arent focusing on the plot so much. Esteban De Armas/Shutterstock.com. McGinleyremembers acting shocked and jumping away, as California "basically ejects himself" to escape the near-dead victim, a scene which Fincher shot repeatedly. This actually paints John Doe as a righteous character, as Se7en's endingvalidates his intentions. Who was originally considered for the role of John Doe? However, in the murder of the prostitute, Doe makes her client complicit here theres no such element to proceedings. The SWAT-team actors were not told about the sloth victim still being alive.. so their reaction is genuine. Yeah I can definitely see Fincher doing a zombie movie. Only when doe mutilates her face she chose to end her life with pills, that is debatable that it is shame vs pride, lost of identity. Ugh, I really hate how eager my mind is to fill in the blanks. Edit. Doe meets up with Mills at the scene of the Sloth murder, and personally experiences Mills' violent temper which would make him the ideal candidate; later, Doe has the opportunity to kill Mills in the alley, but doesn't, probably to preserve him for becoming the seventh victim. "People still think they used . The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? In short; Tracy told John Doe she was pregnant. As the car drives away, Somerset says in a voiceover, "Ernest Hemingway once wrote, 'The world is a fine place and worth fighting for.' Maybe the guy was just withdrawn and quite. I definitely agree, to me that was the worst murder (but maybe that's because I'm a girl so just thinking about it makes me all freaked out). The SLOTH victim, exactly why was he to be tortured to death "this" way? Seven in the movie se7en refers to the the 7 deadly sins that people should not commit. Initially, he was set to receive near to top billing at the start of the film, but the cast and crew decided that the revelation of John Doe would have a much bigger impact if the audience had no idea that it was coming, and if Spacey's name appeared in the beginning credits, then the audience would have been waiting for him to show up. You can read about the filming locations here.The location is more of a conglomeration of cities. It's a very engaging premise to begin with, regarding the antagonist. Edit, Several actors were considered for the role of John Doe, including Val Kilmer and Denzel Washington. Although Kevin Spacey is obviously the biggest name actor to appear in the film behind Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman, his presence in the film was a total surprise. You can find a list and meanings of the seven deadly sins below. Here are 10 Brad Pitt's Real Life Injury ", A triumphant MacKay was happy to have the makeup removed. Now, near the end we come to know that John Doe himself is the representation of Envy. In a very interesting and shocking turn of events, it appears that his most creative and inspired plan for murder is the one that results in his own death. This quote is important as it further proves that John Doe's actions had their desired effect on his adversaries. Submissions should be for the purpose of informing or initiating a discussion, not just to entertain readers. The-Se7en Wiki is a FANDOM Movies Community. The lawyer is greedy, the fat man over-eats, the prostitute makes a living off sex. A crime thriller in which the villain wins is a relatively rare phenomenon, but it cementsSe7en's place as a true great of modern cinema. Thats not necessarily right. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Or, perhaps, merely fronting for a drug organisation isnt exactly the most demanding of occupations. So then I put myself in the shoes of the writer of the story. You can expect five more of these." William Somerset. It's police lingo for the word "detective", a shortened version of it. But the trap you're referring to was actually set up by Jigsaw, I believe, and it was a slow-acting poison, so I think it was supposed to have been possible to solve. It is possible that Victor and Eli Gould were among the first victims targeted, even though they were not the first two to be found. Se7en is a legendary horror film for a whole lot of reasons, but the most memorable aspect of the film in most people's minds is obviously the whole "what's in the box" moment. Slothsthe adorable and lethargic animals living in treetopsdepend on the health and survival of Central and South American tropical forests. Related:Every Unmade David Fincher Movie (& Why They Didn't Happen). Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. the fat guy died by eating, the whore by sex, the junkie by lying in bed. He cut off her fucking nose! LOL, I JUST saw this while watching this clip. Following this, Doe moves on to pride, the fifth sin, and his next victim is a model named Rachel Slade. Or is there like a DIY Instruction manual? He was tied to his bed for an entire year, kept at the brink of survival only through the judicious usage of intravenous drugs and medications, the experience of which causes him untold physical anguish and renders him completely insane. The gluttony victim wasnt given a choice or opportunity like the pride victim, he was simply murdered in a horrific way. Although it could be argued that drug dealer could induce sloth (laziness or idleness) to his clients (assuming they bought downers and pot versus speed etc) or that the victims lack of employment (leads him to sin of dealing drugs and molestation), the victim is not a strong depiction of sloth (someone smoking pot to extreme or other example of extreme idleness would be). Sloth was written on the wall above the head of his bed in blood. Styling contours by colour and by line thickness in QGIS. Victor, the third victim (Sloth), was tied to his bed for exactly a year; keeping a person alive and hidden for that amount of time implies an enormous amount of preparation as well as dedication. How does a 1995 movie shot in simple locations with no big scenes cost $33 million? Heres what I mean: What is the relationship between Betty and Gilbert and how is her husband involved? The giant sloth Megatherium is most likely extinct due to climate change and human hunting, but scientists don't know for sure. The cast is outstanding, the bizarre mystery gut-wrenching, and the direction impeccable. He wanted to give the city a really gritty, depressing tone. The goal of /r/Movies is to provide an inclusive place for discussions and news about films with major releases. Even the landlord doesnt seem especially bothered that he never sees his client, only happy paid on-time and not asking any questions. We don't know very much with him, besides he was forced on drugs and rotted away in bed for a year or something. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. And that Took a fair amount of time to come up with that. Five-Second Foreshadowing comes into play if you notice his Adam's apple jutting up and down slightly before he coughs. Written by David Fincher, Se7en is a simple but bleak crime thriller, centering on two detectives - a rookie and a veteran - who work together to hunt a serial killer. Remember that the reason the police are visiting the Sloth victim are because his fingerprints were identified at the Greed murder scene. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? How was that anywhere near as bad as the sloth victim? It was also revealed that he had chewed off his own tongue 'long ago' in an attempt at suicide. The lust guy was visiting a prostitute in the first place. So I guess it was a really wild time for the city. What was the ending of Night Moves about? The sin that got me was Pride. The lawyer was greedy. Im not sure that he does allow his victims a chance to avert their fate. This all combines to make for Se7en's unforgettable ending. The closest that the film gets to any location specificity is a visible ad for New York pizza, which still isn't very solid information since New York pizza can be found literally anywhere. Greed (avarice) is the seeking of material gain over spiritual gain. Either the shock from the trauma or internal bleeding killed the man. However, the victim of sloth confused me a little bit. And with each victim discovered, we are allowed only the aftermath. And I assume in this particular case it should be the laziness. But like any movie that is this thought out and detailed, there are dozens of little Easter eggs and tidbits that the average audience member would never notice. Thanks Sen. Its not a bad point, but it still seems a bit more of a reach than the other sins. @Yasskier you have a gross misunderstanding of what my sentence means. How to follow the signal when reading the schematic? The victim here is a drug-dealing pederast who John Doe tied up and doped up in his bed for a year, feeding and maintaining (and sanitizing and bandaging) him, just enough to keep him alive to the point where his poor victims brain turned to mush. He was recently transfered to homicide, and John Doe could not have known beforehand that Mills would be one of the detectives working on the case. I couldnt make the connection between a drug pushing pederast and sloth. I honestly never really understood that scene. John Doe's seven deadly sin murders prove this, as those guilty are punished accordingly - drawing a parallel with Dante'Alighieri's "Divine Comedy", which in itself heavily inspired Milton's "Paradise Lost". Envy and Wrath are not revealed until the very end of the movie. Se7en (1/5) Movie CLIP - The Sloth Victim (1995) HD - YouTube 0:00 / 2:39 Se7en (1/5) Movie CLIP - The Sloth Victim (1995) HD Movieclips 58.8M subscribers Subscribe 2.7M views 11 years. This isn't Beverly Hills but it's not at all as dreadful as it's made to look in the film. That said, abusing children seems like more than spiritual apathy its a much more direct and active type of crime, and it feels like it would have been more firmly rooted in lust. Sure, its an entertaining and interesting serial killer movie but I dont see how its a masterpiece. Which is to me just as (if not more) sadistic than John Does okay, youre dead in a horrific manner. Not that either option is anything less than horrifying. Even by mid-90s standards, $33 million is a modest budget. (LogOut/ "Four years ago, I was in Ralphs (supermarket),walking down the aisle. Doe's next victim is Eli Gould, a criminal defense attorney forced to cut off a pound of his own flesh, representing the sin of greed in the style of The Merchant of Venice. Does the movie give any clues as to Mills fate? ", "That cracked me up," says MacKay. He's in . John Doe kills her, fulfilling the sin of envy because he envied Det. The actor laid on the cot in the dreary setand thoroughly corpsed out without breathing. He is tied to his bed and barely alive. And boy, do his ideas for murder get creative and ugly. RELATED:Scary Stories To Tell In The Dark: 10 Hidden Details Everyone Completely Missed. Both Pitt and Freeman do a great job lending their movie personas to their roles, but these roles are fairly conventional rookie and soon-to-be-retiring veteran. When they were filming the scene where the police discover the "sloth" victim, the members of the SWAT team weren't told that the victim was supposed to still be alive, so their reaction when he starts moving is real. Seriously. Here's Se7en's ending explained in detail. There is a picture of the fourth victim (Lust) in John's house, which may imply he had his eye on her some time, but without an indication of when it was taken, there is no sure way to tell. I couldnt think of any occupation that embodied sloth. They walk back along the road for a few yards until Somerset notices a white van approaching them. Envy is jealousy. I dont know, maybe she was a unnecessarily nasty person inside and deserved it. Read our extensive list of rules for more information on other types of posts like fan-art and self-promotion, or message the moderators if you have any questions. And when Mills is throwing out suggestions as to what reasons serial killers often give to excuse their crimes he suggests both "Jodie Foster told me to do it" and "my dog told me to do it. Doe shows this by having a person 'presumably' be able to escape, but does not and simple wastes his body and brain. Victor was discovered by police exactly a year after his kidnapping, after John Doe used his hand while killing Greed. AHhhooowww don't get me started with that one. i feel my natural reaction if i was a cop would have been to shoot that guy like he was a zombie that came back to life. Humongous cave bears, saber-toothed tigers, and massive-antlered Irish elk roam the grasslands and forests of South America, but the biggest of all is the Megatherium, an elephant-sized ground sloth. Se7en's "what's in the box?" Thanks, Pat. David Fincher's Se7en boasts one of the most memorable endings in cinematic history, cementing its pop culture relevance even decades after its release. How did John Doe know that Tracy was pregnant? Read our extensive list of rules for more information on other types of posts like fan-art and self-promotion, or message the moderators if you have any questions. Taunting the detective, Doe reveals that he has killed Mills' wife, Tracy (and their unborn child), as he envied Mills' normal life. I dont know. 2. They spend much of their lives in the canopy, snoozing and remaining hidden from predators. Hello, well technically the term sloth as a sin, encompasses not only laziness, but idling and wasting your life away, without doing anything substantial. The Killer Is David Fincher's Best Chance To Make Another Se7en, SpongeBob SquarePants' Super Dark Se7en Easter Egg Explained, Every Unmade David Fincher Movie (& Why They Didn't Happen), Every David Fincher & Brad Pitt Movie, Ranked Worst To Best. And the intention behind the particular shot is clear, however, there are some pretty hilarious Easter eggs that many viewers probably didn't notice on the first watch. Seven - Sloth Scene os99 213 subscribers 1.1M views 14 years ago This is the discovery of the Sloth victim in the 1995 masterpiece Seven (or Se7en). Strapped to a bed rotting . But good luck convincing him of that. "And then Leighlooked down at my resume, and he said, 'Oh, you are that guy in 'Seven.' Had he just been a user, perhaps it would seem a better fit its easy to picture a zoned-out stoner as the very embodiment of sloth, sitting there and doing nothing all day occasionally giggling uncontrollably to childrens television. After leading Mills and Somerset to a remote location, a box is delivered for Mills. Another question is what city did this movie take place in? Filed under: Movies | Tagged: crime, film, john doe, kevin spacey, Movie, murder, se7en, serial killer, seven, Seven deadly sins, Sloth |. He's taken to a local hospital with a chewed up tongue, vegetated brain, disintegrated and rotted skeletal body but we don't hear about him finally dying in the movie. "For Satan finds some mischief still for idle hands to do." Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. However, with one big exception towards the end of the film, Doe doesnt appear to force the sin he punishes on to the victim in the first place he just exacts a sort of poetic justice. As a rule, looking at the majority of the victims, the sin is major part of their lifestyle before they meet John Doe. John Doe doesnt seem to have much characterization, other than his signature criminal pathology. I find thats when you start to notice stuff like that. The film's ambiguous setting and regular references to what an awful place it is are significant to its story, as it's effectively used to conjure the image of purgatory. Doe's first victim is unnamed in the film, but he was force-fed by John until his stomach exploded, making him the representation of gluttony. In the back half of Se7en, Detective Mills injures his arm pretty badly after taking a brutal fall in his pursuit of John Doe, and he's seen sporting a pretty gnarly cast on his arm for the rest of the film. You were 100% not reading too much into it. The budget adds up quickly. Or he could had just made it himself. So Im thinking a drug dealer was the best choice for sloth. Some of the colorful headlines that grace the page include "Housekeeper Held Hostage By Child's Possessed Gerbil Three Days of Terror" as well as "Neighbors Beagle scares teen cures 8-year bout with hiccups." Niall can be found on Twitter @lordofthegray. I think se7en suffers because every serial killer movie since has been trying to ape it at the time, the only film that really felt similar was The Silence of the Lambs, but now films like that are a dime a dozen. I love those kinds of details in films. Sorry. Im really curious how accurate Finchers depiction of the victim is. Following a trail of murders based on each of the seven deadly sins eventually leads Mills and Somerset to John Doe (Kevin Spacey), who has yet to finish his plan. I think it was the choice itself that marked her sin as pride. Discussing the homicide later with Mills and their captain, Somerset mentions that Doe had tortured the man by forcing him to eat a huge amount of food and then kicked him in the back, causing the internal rupture. This serves as the film's big twist - that Tracy is dead and Mills was always intended to be the final part of Doe's plan - with Mills' sudden comprehension of the situation enough to push him to murder Doe and embody the sin of wrath. At the third crime scene the detectives find a man by the name of Victor. The main killer in the movie is actually never shown killing any of his victims, and the only on-screen death in the whole film is when Detective Mills kills John Doe in the very end. Biography Theodore "Victor" Allen grew up with abusive parents, and as a result of this, suffered a a variety of mental illnesses later on in life. Very fair point, certainly on dealing drugs. Somerset opens the package and steps back in horror. It is unknown if Doe had originally intended another person as the Wrath victim before he met Mills, and decided Mills would be the perfect candidate (he can be heard mentioning over the phone that he will be readjusting his schedule); but it makes sense that he intended the seventh victim to be an officer anyway: an officer of the law driven to the point of killing an unarmed suspect would attract a lot of (media) attention, and would ensure that his work would be discussed for years to come. All of the other deaths are just shown after the murders have already occurred, but even the aftermath is more than grisly enough to satisfy even the most seasoned horror fan. Why does the age of the film mean it will have plot holes? By killing Doe, Mills fulfills the killer's plan, making Doe victorious even in death. But I even scared myself.". According to Christian tradition the seven deadly sins are: envy, gluttony, greed or avarice, lust, pride, sloth, and wrath. With Morgan Freeman, Kevin Spacey, and Gwyneth Paltrow rounding out the film's central cast, David Fincher'sSe7en serves as a lasting example of achieving a tightly-packed modern noir thriller. Eventually, John announces that they have reached the spot, and the car pulls over near some high-tension electrical wires. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. (These days, he says, he's"a whopping" 108 pounds.). It is the most difficult sin to define and credit as sin, since it refers to an assortment of ideas, dating from antiquity and including mental, spiritual, pathological, and physical states. Unfortunately our killer interpreted what the classical definition of sloth was. RIGHT!? b.) This is the thing about Saw, though. However I would say yes, don't think about it so muchthe film is 25 years old nowthere are bound to be some plot holes. The box contents delivered to Mills inSe7en's final scene aren't ever shown. A drug dealing pedophile is a perfect example of someone rejecting their moral or spiritual obligations. Incidentally, he once escaped conviction for raping a minor due to the successful efforts of his lawyer, Eli Gould. @HorusKol The argument of the statement is, we've had 25 years to pick it apart and analyse and/or compare to movies that have done something similar, ripped off and or both and did it better. I think Seven is a great movie, but I fast forward through the Lust kill, every time. Most likely, giant sloths went extinct because the climate changed, and humans hunted them. However, the guy locked in his apartment (and, about a year afterwards, inside his own head), doesnt appear to have been especially slothful. For greed, he killed a lawyer. About an argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality, Calculating probabilities from d6 dice pool (Degenesis rules for botches and triggers). Heroin junkies shoot up and then just lie around lazily feeling the effects. When some one never washes their smell can literally last for days. After spending his formative years soaking in as much pop culture trivia as possible, Niall started writing about film online in 2020, and contributes to numerous websites. So basically because she was beautiful she had to be taught a lesson? | Just based on the appearance and overall vibe of the movie, most of the audience members have typically assumed that the film is set in New York City. Learn how your comment data is processed. The pattern is quite apparent, not least of which because its in the title of the film. MacKay moved on to play the odd, monocle-wearing "Monopoly Guy" who gets thrown about by Jim Carrey in "Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls," and the small version of Bane in 1997's "Batman & Robin" before the poison serum makes the villain super-sized, thusplayed by pro-wrestler Robert "Jeep" Swenson. Am I thinking about this too much? She ostensibly chooses the latter option. I didnt proofread it before I sent it. The film was shot, however, at several locations in Los Angeles and near Lancaster, CA. Yep, its still something I find interesting. The Sloth death isn't exactly cleargenerally we're supposed to assume that deaths to the victims are supposed to be a sort of'poetic' justice and a part of John Doe's larger spectacle and how each represents their respective sin. I do not think the movie is bad because its as old as my nieces and nephews nor do i think its bad at all. Did the guy think it was for a movie or something? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. I was baffled. The actor was toldhe was basically a corpse, so he had to remain entirely still until his big moment. I was wondering the same thing. In an unnamed American metropolis where the crime rate is high and it is . However, I had a bit of difficulty making slothstick. That guy was way too fucking thin to be alive.

Florence Oregon Police Call Log, Seint Makeup Controversy, Did People Wear Sandals In Jesus Time?, How Long Can You Live With A Blocked Carotid Artery, Articles S