The doll struck me as intriguing (perhaps as odd but I am assuming if I knew more about Persian culture I would understand its antecedents better). In Shahnameh, Rostamlike his grandfather Samworks as both a faithful military general as well as king-maker for the Kayanian dynasty of Persia. Rostam was unaware that he had a son, Sohrab, by Princess Tahmina. I really could talk about horses forever but as Im sure is obvious from my patchwork of historical info above, my knowledge is mostly just modern horse stuff. Hassan's favorite book is the Shahnamah, and his favorite story is "Rostam and Sohrab," the story of a father who knowingly kills a man who is unknowingly his son. Kaya't inihanda niya ang kabayong si Rakhsh at ang kanyang buslo ng mga palaso. What an interesting way to share baby pictures. An entire section devoted to choosing a horse? Repleksyon: Panitikang Persya, Shanameh (The Epic of Kings). The wonder of Rostam's existence is that while he is extraordinary, he is a human being. Sohrab then taunts Rustum asking him to prove his might. The hosts were ready to engage themselves in the war. Science, English, History, Civics, Art, Business, Law, Geography, all free! Im sure both of you would be more conversant than me in that) so Im imagining on campaign each knight would have their own little crew for care of the horse and keeping it separate from the others. The horse follows him like a faithful dog. Source: Wikimedia Commons. The Tahmineh and Rostam episode, as presented in modern text-critical editions of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, is compared vis--vis both the pre-modern scribal interventions in the manuscript tradition of the poem, as well as two oral presentations of the same episode by traditional storytellers (naqqln), as preserved in their prompt-books (tumrs) and in recorded performances from the . Sometimes he forgets his promises and, of course, because he is a myth and fights with mythical creatures; Fewer negative points of the identity of the reader are identified. Ouch! I guess I dont have a very poetical frame of mind! He finds his best manifestation in epic heroes, and Rostam, among these epic heroes, must have all the necessary qualities in him. xxv, 291 pages : 20 cm Includes index Introduction -- The tale of Sam and the Simorgh -- The love of Zal and Rudabeh -- The birth of Rostam -- Rostam and his horse Rakhsh -- Summary of the war between Nozar and Afrasyab -- Rostam and Kay Qobad -- Kay Kavus's war against the demons of Mazanderan -- The seven trials of Rostam -- The king of Hamaveran, and his daughter Sudabeh -- The tragedy of . Rustam drags the Khaqan of China from his elephant. There is a scene where both the armies await the order of their respective commander. But it has never been noticed in its visual position (nor imagery).Despite its mythical look, Shahnameh is quite tangible and its only point is Ferdowsi's pictorial expression. The story of Shahnameh is related to the history of coffee house . Sohrab strikes Rustums Helm (helmet) with his sword. He realizes that the Sohrab was his son and he himself had killed him. He undergoes a trial by fire to prove his innocence, and goes on to battle successfully against Iran's rival, Turan, concluding a truce with the Turanian king, Afrasyab, on amicable terms. "Rostam Kills a Dragon". Because the child cannot get out of the mother's womb due to its large size, Zal seeks help from Simorgh. When Tahmina finds out her son is dead, she burns Sohrab's house and gives away all his riches. He was full of rage and shouts back girl, nimble with thy feet, not with thy hands! He tells him that he will fight him with all his might and he no longer feels pity for Sohrab because he had shamed him in front of the entire army with light skipping tricks and girls wiles. She protected her foal for his destiny by attacking anyone tried to take him like a lioness, and even though she doesnt have a name, she was the first horse described in this section, and described beautifully. She protected her foal for his destiny . Inisip niyang lalabas siya upang mangaso. I was so glad she made it, and to see the return of Simorgh, who raised Zal, and that Sindokht was present, too. Shahnameh (The Epic of Kings) By: Hakim Abol Qasem Ferdowsi Tousi. In thinking back the re-positioning the head was spoken of. At a time when naqqali was very popular, naqqalan who narrated the stories of Abu Muslim, Darabnameh, and Samak-e Ayar, along with poetry and song, gradually turned to other sources, and in the meantime, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh received the most attention. Ernst Herzfeld maintained that the dynasty of Gondophares represented the House of Suren, highest of the five premier families of Parthian Empire, invested with the hereditary right of commanding the royal armies, and placing the crown on the king's head at the coronation. After Zl's father, Sam learned of his grandchild's birth, he rushed to see Rostam and was overjoyed. 4. As a horse lover (the only thing that competes with time spent with my horse is time spent with my books oh, and that pesky thing called work) I was so stoked for this! He insults him by saying, dearer to the red jackals shall thou be than to thy friend, and to thy father old. Ipinakita sa buod ng kwento kung gaano kahalaga para kay Rostam ang kanyang Reputasyon na gagawin niya ang lahat mapanatili at mapaganda lng ito, ngunit sa huli siya ay nagsisi ng nalaman niyang ang mandirigma na kinuhanan niya ng buhay ay ang kaisaisang anak nila ni Tahmina na si Sohrab. And this lies in both Ferdowsi's expression and its mythological narratives. As Rostam grew older, it became clear that he had the potential to be a great warrior. With this conversation, the two great heroes fight for the honor of their kingdom. We're using the Dick Davis translation (Penguin Classics). Kate: Its been a few years since I was reading about this, but I think most knights in the Middle Ages Europe, if they could afford the full armor and were dressed up to show off as royal guards WOULD have used stallions, bc that was the mark of status and also strength. With Tahmineh, princess of Samangan, Rostam had a son called Sohrab, who was killed accidentally by his father in the time of Kay Kavus. Rostam is best known for his tragic fight with Esfandiyr, the other legendary Iranian hero; for his expedition to Mazandaran (not to be confused with the modern Mazandaran Province); and for tragically fighting and killing his son, Sohrab, without knowing who his opponent was. Additionally, Ive noticed before that when a great mass of people is brought together (usually an army) the descriptions say the ground grows black. Death is the end of the journey. Manunulat: Hakim Abu l-Qasim Mansur (935-1020) isang Iranian makata. Interestingly, these were all oral records and each different well-reputed strains genealogy would be recited along with stories about the most important feats of particular war mares. Join Tessa Gratton and me as we read the Shahnameh by Abolqasem Ferdowsi. But young as he is, Sohrab is not ready to listen to him. Natakot siya para sa kanyang reputasyon, at dahil don, sinaksak niya sa puso ang kanyang anak na si Sohrab. Stallions are a lot of work and trouble and once cavalry became quite large the economics of all stallion units were no longer feasible, I guess. This was a death match where the last man standing would gain victory for his entire army. Rudabeh, a woman with hallucinations, feels from the time of pregnancy that she has a child in her womb other than normal children. Rustum in turn tries to fight back by attacking Sohrab with his club, but Sohrab being young and using his agility skills, dodges the strikes from Rustum. As an aside (I can go on forever about horses) I looked very briefly into when this notion of stallions being superior in battle faded in the first part of the 1800s (again this is limited to W. Europe and then US North American notions) and it seems to have a lot to do with the size of cavalry. Quote Analysis: The unexamined life is not worth living, Treaty of Versailles: How America, France & Britain Benefited, The Scarlet Letter: Analysis, Summary, Themes, The 1968 Tet Offensive: Summary & Analysis, The Four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, Refractive Indices of Water and Oil: Lab Explained, Hitlers Consolidation of Power: The Night of Long Knives. In Persian mythology, Rudaba's labour in giving birth to Rostam was prolonged due to the extraordinary size of her baby - so much so that Zl, her lover and husband, felt sure that his wife would die in labour. The strike hits Rustum in return and Rustum falls to the ground. Till now both the warriors have no idea that they are related to each other. Synopsis: Rostram chooses a horse that was foretold to be his. Ngunit ayaw mawala ni Rostam ang magandang reputasyon niya. The Tragedy in the Story of Rostam and Sohrab in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Are filled with luck and universal praise; Another's good in all he does - he dies. Under the same roof, in the conference auditorium of Brussels University (ULB) thirty-one scholars from thirteen countries -- Afghanistan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Iran, Israel, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States and visitors-scholars from 17 countries met from 27th to 31st October,2004 in Brussels, Belgium to talk about their latest research . 9B56E996-23FC-447A-900B-3AD9A323A3C4.jpeg. Sa laban, hindi alam ni Sohrab ang pangalan ng kanyang kalaban. Thats just described my greatest childhood fantasy (ok, probably a little my adulthood fantasy, too). Peran-Wisa urges patience and questions his wisdom in thus tempting fate. This journey is called "Rostam's Seven Quests". At the end, Rustum drew out the spear from the side of Sohrab let him pass away peacefully. He was a legendary Persian prince from the earliest days of the Persian Empire. Sohrab's mentality results in him being fooled by his enemies and losing his battles. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. So while a troop of guardsman using all stallions wouldnt be doing it to show off horseman skills, they might be doing it to show off power? Tahmineh comes to visit Rostam. The monumental poem of the Persian poet Ferdowsi, the Shahnameh or Book of Kings, which was completed by this poet in the year 1010 CE, is a massive retelling of the lives and times of 50 kings of Iran. Of the kinds of horses used in Middle Ages European military, destriers were the most likely to be stallions. According to the Shahnameh (the tenth-century Book of Kings), this titan, magnificent in strength and courage, bestrode Persia for 500 years. Artmag.ir Copyright. [8], Two Persian heroes, Rostam and Esfandiyr, share stories with the Labours of Hercules. Todays portion: Rostam, The Son of Zal-Dastan. So heres a thing that interests me: Manuchehr clearly did not support the marriage between Zal and Rudabeh because of her dicey ancestry. Dun napansin ni Rostam na suot suot nito ang kwintas na ibingay niya kay Tahmina na ibingay ito sa kanyang anak upang panatilihin siyang ligtas. Hence, it is a sign of Iranian culture for both Iranian and non-Iranian communities. 'Dreams feel real when we're in them," says Cobb, the main character in Christopher Nolan's blockbuster Inception, which turned ten this past July. Nearly four centuries after the Arab conquest, the "Shahnameh" tells the story of pre-Islamic Iranwhen Persian civilization was at its zenith. IRAN - TEHRAN, P.O.Box: 14155-1999, Iranian photographer and Environmental Photography Award, First "Nonegah" photography talent search course was held with theme of family, Iranian association of theater photographers accepts new members, Online exhibition of Summer Color Painting started in Tehran, Online exhibition requires culture building. In the Shahnameh, Rostam is a native of Zabulistan, a historical region roughly corresponding to today's Zabul Province, southern Afghanistan. Persian myths in many cases originate from the Shahnameh of Froudesi. And in no other book has human thought entered the transcendental boundaries of the Iranian imaginary world.Everything that tests the Iranian hero and even his enemy, is collected in the highest and most dangerous form possible in this weighty book. Rostam or Rustam (Persian: [rostm]) is a legendary hero in Persian mythology, the son of Zl and Rudaba, whose life and work was immortalized by the 10th-century Persian poet Ferdowsi in the Shahnameh, or Epic of Kings, which contains pre-Islamic Iranian folklore and history. I am now fully convinced that the Persian heroic ideal was a rugby players body. At this point, both the warriors rush towards each other with all their strength as two eagles on one prey and dash each other. . . So they were married, for the king was glad to make an alliance with Rustum. The selected adventures of Persia's Hercules, from Iran's great national epic. Shahnameh: The Epic of the Persian Kings. 80] . After this, Rustum makes his way towards the arena. Does anyone else ever wonder if its unfamiliarity with the cultural references or if any of these tid bits that seem to come from nowhere (and possibly never show up again) have to do with the abridgement? He translated it in verse from the birth of Rustam. He sometimes disobeys like any other human being. Section. Nagtuos ang dalawa at nasaksak ni Rustam si Sohrab hanggang sa siya'y namatay. He loosened his belt and then removes the armor and shows him the seal which was given to him by his mother. Written 1010 A.C.E. No one else dares to fight Rostam, so Sohrab is sent to wrestle with the legendary hero. While still a baby she bound the amulet of onyx on his arm and sent a message to Rustum that a daughter had been born instead. Rostam was brought up and trained by Zl in warfare. If she has a girl, she is to take the jewel and plait it in the girl's hair. Then "the breath departed from out her body, and her spirit went forth after Sohrab her son."[2][1]. I have a very basic entry layer of horse knowledge so this was excellent. This is how he describes the castle to him. 102. However it was standard so I agree that the odd part is mentioning that it was for showing off. But Rustum says that the king himself should choose some young men to meet up to the challenge put by Sohrab. And this is what the reader wants and Ferdowsi was very aware of it. I, too, was thinking the land was turned to mud by that many horses. Rostam was the main protagonist of the epic poem Shahnameh. Rustum tells this because he feels pity for the youth-hood of Sohrab. All rights reserved. The following morning, both the armies come out from their camp. For example, modern TB stallions are not at all selected for temperament (only speed) and so many of the stallions can behave as nastily as possible and no one does anything other than deal with it. He then announced that instead of war, there would be a duel. In this incident, Rostam's faithful steed Rakhsh and the hero's brother, Zavareh are also killed. This line is everything. In the Shahnameh, Rostam and his predecessors are Marzbans of Sistan (present-day Iran and Afghanistan). Because Kavous is caught in Mazandaran, Zal sends Rostam to rescue him and tells him that there are two ways to get there, one is a long and safe way and the other is a short and dangerous way. Before he leaves, he gives her two tokens. He taunts him to get up to his feet and challenge him. Or, haha, maybe they just had all the cast off Arabian stallions. Interesting to me that the horses are linked to lions and dragons Ive read some in the past about war horses, and they truly are vicious when trained for war. In the grayness of the early dawn, he leaves his bed and makes his solitary way through the black tents of the great encampment to the quarters of Peran-Wisa, commander of the Tartar army. He was as mighty as his father. Just as famous as Rostam was his horse Rakhsh, which had an incredibly long life like Rostam, due to divine protection, and died at the same time as Rostam. In this section the lines are: the earth turned the color of ebony beneath the cavalrys hooves and the earth turned black as pitch. Im wondering what this is in reference to. These related the deeds of the hero Garshasp and his descendants, Narimn, Sm, Zl or Dastn, and above all of the latter's son Rostam. My horse is on limited grazing during summer and Ive just switched him off lush green summer grass to grazing the edges of the recently harvested hay field and his manure production has increased from 0.7 piles/hour to 1.1 piles/hour. Rustum finds it difficult to swallow the fact that the same person who is dying in front of him was his own son. He later underwent a quest to rescue Kay Kavus from the White Demon, which became known as his . Its only after the build up of episodes, after the disasters of the war with Turan and the lack of a king, that it hits with all the power and majesty that I want from a story. Rostam was eventually killed by Shaghad, his half-brother. I have seen battles too- Have waded foremost in their bloody waves and heard their hollow roar of dying men. Rostam was given the pick of all the horses that roamed Zabolestan and Kabolestan. The great shadow of a gathered army darkening the ground? Madaming taon ang lumipas bago magkita ang mag amang si Rostam at Sohrab. He finds his best manifestation in epic heroes, and Rostam, among . (2017). And perhaps the reason why the Persian kings waited for years to illustrate a copy of the Shahnameh and after a while presented it to other countries, was because they considered it a factor and symbol of Iranian power and culture that was tangible to others. Managements Responsibility for the Summary Financial Statements Management is. Rostam did not recognise his own son, although Sohrab had suspicions that Rostam . He hopes that his fame as a fighter will thereby reach the ears of his father. He then tames his legendary stallion, Rakhsh. Probably when around 129 BCE, nomad peoples, especially the Indo-Scythians (Sacaraucae, Old Persian Sakaravaka "nomadic Saka or Saraucae) and the Tocharians attacked the eastern frontier of Parthia, defense was entrusted by the Parthian emperors to the Surens; and the latter eventually not only repelled the Indo-Scythians, but pursued them into Arachosia and the Punjab, this event probably representing interitus Saraucarum ( the perishing of the Sacaraucae) of Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus (Prologue 42). Rostam and Sohrab are the main warrior-heroes out of dozens who come to life in the Shahnameh. But lets talk about the doll baby for a moment: in any modern Western narrative that would be the beginning of a story in which the doll becomes Rostams ultimate weakness, or evil doppelganger possessed by the devil or something. Pumupunta si Tahmina sa kwarto ni Rostam tuwing gabi at nagtatanong kung bibigyan siya nito ng anak at bilang kapalit ay ibabalik niya ang kabayo nito. The story jumps back in time to 1933, the year Baba is born and Zahir Shah becomes king of Afghanistan. Shahnameh : the Persian book of kings /. For example, when Sarahlearned that God had promised Abraham that they would have a son, she laughed (because she was so old, past the age of child-bearing), the name Isaac (Yitzhak) means he laughs or he will laugh., Rostam, The Son of Zal-Dastan (Shahnameh Reading Project 8), The Beginning of the War Between Iran and Turan, The Tale of Zal and Rudabeh (Shahnameh Reading Project 7) | I Make Up Worlds, The Beginning of the War Between Iran and Turan (Shahnameh Reading Project 9) | I Make Up Worlds, The Shahnamah Reading Project 2016, with Tessa Gratton & Kate Elliott | I Make Up Worlds, The Tale of Sohrab (Shahnameh Readalong 15) | I Make Up Worlds. Sohrab looks at the mighty figure and as he looks, a strange hope is born in his breast. Now, The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Ramaya are two of the most well-known epics from early Mesopotamian culture that date back to early examples of bravery. These words of Gudurz, trigger the warriors spirit within Rustum and he decides to take part in the duel. A survey of impact of Shahnameh on modern and contemporary art of Iran By Akram Ahmadi Tavana Foreword by Dr. Firuza Melville Director of Research, Shahnameh Centre . What do you know about the sculptures of Mellat Park? After years without any real knowledge of one another, Rostam and Sohrab faced each other in battle, fighting on opposing sides. Because of the name he held back while fighting. We pay $$$ and it takes seconds! When Rustum would still not believe that Sohrab was his son, Sohrab then gives him proof. I wonder if breeding was used to get stallions that were more willing to fight as a unit. Paul, we skipped a week so it was easy to lose track. Synopsis: Rudabeh nearly dies giving birth, but with the help of a wizard and the great bird Simorgh, Rostam is born to great acclaim. Sohrab and Rustum, epic poem in blank verse by Matthew Arnold, published in 1853 in his collection Poems. Siya ang kilalang may-akda ng Shahnameh (Ang Libro ng mga Hari) na mula sa Kabihasnang Persiya. The Shahnama or Book of Kings is an epic poem written in 1010 and containing about 60,000 couplets. One of my servants ate the hero Sam and fell asleep I will ask for a heavy horse and I will send it to youRostam's first heroic act, when he is still a child, begins with killing the white elephant. In the novel, The Kite Runner, references are made to the Persian epic, the Shahnameh, which Amir would read to Hassan. Thats the best I can come up with. This is all very fascinating. The time came when Rustum had to go back to his own city. [9], It is written by the Royal Central Asian Society in the Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society that the struggle between Rostam and the Div-e Sepid "White Demon" represents a struggle between Persians and invaders from the northern Caspian provinces.[10]. Matthew Arnolds Dover Beach: Summary & Analysis. the Iranian heroes like elephant-sized Rostam, or the royal villains of Turan, as well as India, Byzantium and China but with Alexander the Great, Sasanian kings, or Sa'd b . European Middle Ages lords and knights exclusively used stallions (even as riding horses). They went on the have many adventures together. One of the most famous figures in Persian legend is Rostam (the son of Zal and Rudabeh), whose story is also in the Shahnameh. Speak! He tells him that he has made his father and his friends proud for having faced a tough warrior like himself. Even when the demon takes him off the ground and puts him on the verge of extinction. As a young child, he slays the maddened white elephant of the king Manuchehr with just one blow of the mace owned by his grandfather Sam, son of Nariman. This man is the embodiment of the thoughts and aspirations of our predecessors. He is also known for the story of Seven Labours. Interesting that the horse is painted in a pattern like a leopard or giraffe! [1], After a very long and heavy bout of wrestling, Rostam breaks Sohrab's back and stabs him. Ok, literal brain moving past that because holy crap talk about wish fulfillment opportunity: a horse destined for you! He tells him come, sit beside me on this sand, and take my cheeks and wash then with thy tears and say My Son. Pingback: The Tale of Zal and Rudabeh (Shahnameh Reading Project 7) | I Make Up Worlds, Pingback: The Beginning of the War Between Iran and Turan (Shahnameh Reading Project 9) | I Make Up Worlds, Pingback: The Shahnamah Reading Project 2016, with Tessa Gratton & Kate Elliott | I Make Up Worlds, Pingback: The Tale of Sohrab (Shahnameh Readalong 15) | I Make Up Worlds. , TG Happy to supply horse facts. ", Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:06, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, "Rostam life story explaied based on Shahname Book", "A Silk Road Renaissance - Archaeology Magazine", "THE HEPHTHALITES: ICONOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS", "Regional interaction in Central Asia and Northwest India in the Kidarite and Hephthalite periods", New Translation of 'Persian Book of Kings' - March, 2006, "This marvelous translation of an ancient Persian classic brings these stories alive for a new audience", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rostam&oldid=1139868925, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:06. Because of the fight, thick dust emerges from the ground and covers the battlefield and no one could see anything. 71 No. Rustum with a bitter smile begins to sarcastically praise Sohrab. The final feat of Rostam's seven labours: Rostam kills the White Demon. and their war mares were considered priceless. Yet Rostam also is a descendent of Zahhak. His mother Rudaba was a princess of Kabul. Among Arnold's sources for this heroic romance set in ancient Persia were translations of an epic by the Persian poet Ferdows and Sir John Malcolm's History of Persia (1815). Rustum finally manages to pierce his spear through Sohrabs body. Rostam lives for 400 years; Sohrab is his son. Need to catch up! Modern Reception. After some time, Tamineh gave birth to a lovely boy who smiled at the world from the moment he came to it; and so they called him Sohrab, or the child of smiles. Echoes of these events are preserved in the legends of the Sistn cycle, partly incorporated in the Shahnameh, but once also surviving as independent epics, such as the Garspnma mentioned in the Trikh-e Sistn, and the Ketb al-Sakisarn cited by al-Masudi. 34 No. BACKGROUND ON THE TEXT The Shahnameh is structured according to the mythical and historical reign of 50 Persian Kings. They didnt maintain stud books as all their great lines were traced through the mares (womb books?) He rode the legendary stallion Rakhsh and wore a special suit named Babr-e Bayan in battles. Nagkaroon ng away sa pagitan ng Persia at Turan. Rostam felt it was fated that Rakhsh was his horse. He was sad and could not take his wife with him. A Brief Summary of Shahnameh Translations Joseph Champion was the first one who translated Shahnameh. In grief, he utters out a loud cry, O boy-thy father!. God's luck and approval are with him. Oh, one last thing. Siavash (in Persian: ) is a major figure in Ferdowsi's epic, the Shahnameh. As well as biased people who do not get along well with Iranian culture. But it was the name of Rustum which troubled him. Will it show up later? It became so that Rakhshan became a star. The strange thing is that this man, whose life is mixed with all the myths, his existence will never be separated from an ordinary earthly human being. Rostam was impressed: Like saffron petals, mottled red and gold; An elephant in massive strength and might'. He enjoys all the blessings of life for a long time. While the narrative of the Shahname is the definitive work on Rostam, Ferdowsi did not invent the character; Rostam stories were popular as far back as the seventh century in Pars and originated much earlier, likely in Eastern Iranian-speaking territories. This meant that one champion from the Persian army and the other from the Tartar army would fight with each other. University of South Carolina. 96. Sohrab is the youthful champion of the Tartars. He also tells him that he pities his mother who in ader-baijan dwells who with her father, who grows grey with age, and rules over the valiant Kurds camp. Publisher's Summary Rostam is Iran's greatest mythological hero, a Persian Hercules, magnificent in strength and courage. Ones mind wanders to irrelevant math when picking out paddocks, I guess. In Shahnameh, the life spans of the heroes who are from the generation of Sam Yale (Rostam's grandfather) are described as being very long, and that of Rostam fits this pattern: he has reached the age of six hundred at the time of his death by violence (dying at the hand of his envious half-brother Shaghad, who kills him by throwing him into a well full of poisoned spears). The reader of Ferdowsi's poetry feels completely close to its characters. Part of me hopes thats where its going (and that the doll baby will, in fact, return at all) but part of me thinks its just one more fascinating detail dropped in as part of the story, only there to highlight how great Rostam is and will be. Finally, Sohrab makes his final wish to be carried to seitan and to be placed on a bed and mourned for him. Therefore he refuses to take part in the battle. In the lives of heroes, death is the pinnacle of life. The epic proceeds through the reign of many . Meanwhile, in the Persian camp, Gudurz, one of the members of the council goes to call Rustum to face the champion of the Tartar army.

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