Most steels use carbon to increase hardness, but 14C28N uses nitrogen, boosting hardness without the normal penalty of increased corrosion. The steel falls under the Sandvik series of steels and makes one of the 7 steel grades in this family including 12C27M, 14C28N, 13C26, and others. That is professionaly popular such as the Japanese designation SKD11, Uddeholm Sverker 21, German designation 1.2379, Hitachi SLD and others. I have a Spyderco K390 knife and I cut leather with it as it is only .090 thick and I seldom have to strop it on 1 micron diamond compound on leather. Its exceedingly tough and relatively hard, but its not stainless. 1095. Another is that 8Cr13MoV is a generic name for a specific composition while AUS-8 is a name of a product by a specific company. https://knifesteelnerds.com/2020/05/01/testing-the-edge-retention-of-48-knife-steels/, Unfortunately it all comes down to marketing on everybody involved: Industry, knifemakers, users. These steels favor edge retention over all else. All Rights Reserved. The steel loses some of the chromium in solution for corrosion resistance to form these fine carbides for hardness. It was originally developed for use as ball-bearing steel by NASA. For example, see the chart below for how much edge retention can change with edge geometry for a single steel (in this case 154CM and CPM-154). Is Vancron SuperClean a good choice for a chef knife? The high hardness makes it all but impossible to sharpen and machine. When the blade gets messed up I just replace it. But as the market has grown and newer steels have come out, it has fallen in price and prestige. in relation to hardness). Although it should be noted that there doesnt seem to be a need for the stainlessness on a wood working tool. AEB-L is rarely found on production knives but can be found on custom knives easily. H2 Steels patina in the acid at varying rates which allows for one steel to etch darker than the other and show that famous patterned contrast. The pictures below show the microstructures of the three classes of stainless steel on the market. 14C28N steel, also known as Sandvik 14C28N, is stainless steel made by Sandvik, a European steel company in Sweden. You also reported 8.6 for 440A in that post, compared to 8.5 in this post. 14C28N Vs D2 . Rex 121 23.5% vanadium carbide, 4% molybdenum/tungsten carbide (M6C), Conventional Ingot vs Powder Metallurgy Carbide Structure. Privacy Policy. 14C28N knife will dull faster, but it is easy to sharpen. second it might be of importance which way you sharpened because if against the edge the steels might have reacted differently to the contamination remaining on the edge. Many knife enthusiasts are concerned with categorizing steels as excellent, good, poor, etc. Therefore, you cannot purchase the knife for use in corrosive environments. Five years ago, S30V had a premium price. But in use, Ive found nothing that withstands the abuse that 3V can take. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. And for high toughness you want little or no carbide. It richly deserves its reputation for high-quality gained over the years by Sandvik, a Swedish manufacturer of world-renowned steel. And steels with at least 10% chromium are probably stainless, except for several important exceptions like D2 and ZDP-189. The Kershaw Leek is a most popular EDC knife that design by legendary custom knife maker Ken Onion. If you have a favorite steel, rock on! Thats a pretty large difference in two budget steels that are often compared to each other. D2 is carbon steel that has high toughness and durability. In thick forms, like a fixed blade, 1095 isa tough, low-cost steel. 14C28N steel is as a result of a more corrosion resistant version of the 13C26 steel. In the context of a knife this would be chipped edges or broken knives. 14C28N is the highest-selling steel of Sandvik, a Swedish steel company. Read about my tests in this article. My test is for comparing different steels, not necessarily for a go/no go test for saltwater applications. You can see micrographs of different knife steels to compare their carbides in this article. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 14C28N steel also has excellent wear resistance due to its high chromium content. : knife a with a toughness of 5 and an angle of 20 degrees will perform as well in edge retention as knife b with a toughness of 3 and an angle of 15 degrees. So setting edge geometry for the type of knife and intended use is very important. I have a (relatively) short introduction before getting into the ratings with a few important things to put them into context. imo o lot depends on how the blade is sharpened. 1.4116 got a 2.5 for toughness and edge retention where as 420HC got a 9 for toughness and a 2.5 for edge retention. Recommendations are welcome, If you are cutting against metal I would maybe try K390 in a Spyderco or an S110V knife if you need stainless. Maxamets hardness results in incredible edge retention and a nightmarish sharpening and machining experience. Due to its higher Chromium content, S30v is a lot less likely to corrode/rust than the D2 Steel. Display: 24 per page Sort by: Featured View CIVIVI Voltaic Flipper Knife Stainless Steel Handle With Micarta Inlay (3.48" 14C28N Blade) $88.30 Add to cart and yet millons of knives are being made out of 1.4116 (aisi 420mov?) The majority of knives target 63 Rc or below so this limitation of stainless steels does not always come into play but can be an important factor for certain knives targeting high performance and thin edges. Theyre excellent for choppers, hard-use folders, and outdoor knives that see impacts and heavy use when used at medium hardness. YMMV High alloy tool steels are designed to be air hardening, so they can be cooled even slower than the oil hardening steels found above. what does a cvn of 40 v.s 20 mean? Stainless steels are more resistant to corrosion but remember that stainless steels stain less, and most of them will still rust in the right conditions. Edge retention is the ability of a knife to maintain cutting ability during cutting. On the other hand, Speed safe assisted opening allows for easy blade deployment with the use of a simple pull back on the ambidextrous flipper. The line is only in the neighborhood of 5 of the datapoints. And before you start arguing on behalf of the steel you think might be perfect, let me remind you that if your knife isnt perfect for a task, youll need to get another one that is! The bump in hardness comes from precipitation of fine carbides in the steel, read an article I wrote on budget steels here, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2019/05/26/new-micrographs-of-42-knife-steels/, https://i0.wp.com/knifesteelnerds.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/stainless-toughness-10-19-21.jpg?w=757&ssl=1, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2019/10/14/corrosion-resistance-testing/, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2020/03/02/cpm-spy27-experiments-toughness-corrosion-resistance-and-more/, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2018/12/03/cryogenic-part1/, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2018/12/10/cryogenic-processing-of-steel-part-2/, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2018/12/17/cryogenic-processing-of-steel-part-3/, The Pros And Cons Of Stainless Steel Copper And Aluminum Brewing Equipment SanctuaryBrewCo, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2020/05/01/testing-the-edge-retention-of-48-knife-steels/. Several factors arent related to the steel you choose but seriously affect the nature of your knifes performance. Perhaps a bigger issue with the upper temper is for stainless steels, as there is a significant reduction in corrosion resistance by tempering at 1000F instead of 400F. It also tops out around 60-61 Rc like LC200N and needs relatively careful heat treating to even be that hard. Mostly it has been presented piecemeal with all of the studies that we have done on optimizing heat treatments of different steels like CPM-CruWear, AEB-L, 52100, etc. Both steel types don't chip easily, but 14c28n steel is easier to sharpen. Also, if you want a fishing knife, 14c28n steel will survive better in wet areas than D2. This doesnt necessarily mean they have terrible toughness, but they have limitations. However, the 14c28n provides perfect edge retention with a maximum hardness of 62Hrc and the mixture of Chromium and Carbon. Notice that with the same edges on the same media, the 9Cr18Mov from Real Steel performs about as well as the average Chinese D2. Divers, sailors, and anglers need knives that will resist corrosion above all else. I like it in the Seki City Spydercos, but I would like to know what ratings you would give it. worldwide, even the chinese have an equivalent (8cr13mov). Many steels are very similar to one another but go by different names from different manufacturers. Would be great if some manufactures changed their steels based on this information. It has enough water-fighting properties that it can be used in marine environments. And below shows a chart of carbide hardness, the equation we created to predict edge retention based on edge angle, hardness, and carbide volumes, and then the chart showing the good correlation: TCC (mm) = -157 + 15.8*Hardness (Rc) 17.8*EdgeAngle() + 11.2*CrC(%) + 14.6*CrVC(%) + 26.2*MC(%) + 9.5*M6C(%) + 20.9*MN(%) + 19.4*CrN(%). With steels that have a small amount of carbide the size of the carbides can be kept small through processing (see the AEB-L micrograph earlier in the article). This is a powder steel produced by American steel company Carpenter. It has high levels of chromium and carbon, making it extremely resistant to corrosion. These images are taken from my book Knife Engineering. Start comparing steels. They lack the carbon necessary to hold an edge, even during mild use. On the other hand, edge stability in terms of micro chipping and edge folding is also good. I am particularly interested in researching knife steel, knife properties, and brands. Other factors that can be added in are corrosion resistance, hardness, and cost. Elmax False treatment and geometry upheld by Made in USA is like buying 8Cr from China (except late A.G) My personal experience tops with Vanadis 4E, CPM-M4, RWL-34 and the likes. If youre looking for all all-around best knife steel, youd be hard-pressed to find one better than Bohler Uddeholm M390. third and most important is what happened to the burr. Though technically not a stainless steel due to its composition, in use it performs exactly like one. first there might have been some annealing going on (even if its was a microscopic level) and the steels might have reacted differently. The choice between the two depends on your knife needs. D2 steel Theres still a lot of misinformation being pushed by influencers especially in knife steel rankings. Maxamet is one of two current high-hardness kings, with HRc marks in the high 60s approaching 70, a hardness usually only seen in carbide steels. For instance, if a 35 edge in 1095 steel at 58 Rc provides appropriate toughness for planing hardwood, what edge angle in, say, AEB-L at 62 Rc might give us a comparable effective toughness? Almost all consumer-grade pocket knives, EDC knives, fixed blade knives, etc will be in the range of a Rockwell Hardness rating of 54 to 65 HRC. While 9Cr18MoV steel is highly corrosion resistant due to the addition of Cr, and Mo. In my experience, it will tarnish and discolor quickly. GiantMouse Vox/Anso ACE Iona Liner Lock Knife, Muley Freaks Erik Van Woerkom Charged With Felony Possession of Trophy Mule Deer, The Biggest Improvement to My Camp Kitchen Is a Mini Pizza Oven (But Not for Pizza), Propane Traeger, Moosejaw Coolers, Hybrid HOKAs, Adventure Chess, and More Emerging Gear, Avalanche Outside British Columbia Resort Buries 10, Kills 3 Heli-Skiers, Netflix Unveils First Trailer for Tour de France Series. Though technically not a stainless steel at least 14% chromium, and D2 usually has 12% its relatively corrosion-resistant. Micarta it seems like all the pieces are in place to develop an algorithm for this. However, the relative difference in toughness between these different examples are similar. Even it enhances corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The highest edge retention steel was Rex 121 which was at 70 Rc in combination with lots of high hardness vanadium carbides. Unfortunately a high amount of it decreases strength. The steel was developed to be free from chromium carbides which gives it properties similar to balanced non-stainless tool steels like CPM-4V and CPM-CruWear. Vanax gives up some toughness and hardness vs MagnaCut for saltwater levels of corrosion resistance. Give it a couple of weeks, and feedback will start pouring in. They have many similarities, including their high hardness, strength, and wear resistance. Also D2 is not stainless as at least 5% of its chromium is tied up in carbides where it doesnt help prevent corrosion. Cool! If you want a sharp knife for outdoor or indoor use, D2 knives will not disappoint you. the more complex fracture toughness at least lets you make some estimates in this sence. Like S90V, its a high-hardness steel, but its more balanced than S90V. Many steel ratings seem to over-emphasize edge retention. Sandvik later came out with 14C28N which is a slightly improved version of 13C26. The only thing putting me off immediately buying the p135 is the 14c28n steel. In some previous articles I have shown the balance between my toughness and edge retention measurements such as in the following chart, where the high alloy non-stainless are in orange and the blue are stainless: However, one issue with these charts are that difference in toughness is that a linear scale for toughness is a bit misleading for visualizing practical toughness differences. Steel high in carbides cant be stamped out; it must be cut by a waterjet or laser, which takes time and is more expensive. In general, steels look worse as you go up in hardness because the toughness is reduced by more than the edge retention is increased. I personally don`t care about stainless (sic! A quick check shows the compositions of these steels are nearly identical, so based on that Id expect them to perform similarly (differences in heat treat and blade geometry aside). Should you continue to scroll further, you may find yourself lost in a seemingly endless list of knife steel wealth and knowledge. Its so high in hardness that Maxamet knives usually ship with desiccating packages. There is no such thing as a steel that is a 10 in both toughness and edge retention. Hes already done a three part series on cryogenic treatment: As such, the performance of the steel is entirely dependent upon the steels being utilized. As a side note, pure tungsten carbide blades (from brands like Sandrin) can have very high levels of edge retention, but they are not made of steel. It has excellent edge retention, corrosion resistance, and ease of sharpening. https://i0.wp.com/knifesteelnerds.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/stainless-toughness-10-19-21.jpg?w=757&ssl=1 This refers to the angle of your edge and the thickness of the knife behind the edge. drop point Knife steel nerds have a great write up on 14c28n nik_was 2 yr. ago If you need something that soaks up abuse, try 3V. are after the ratings. Very obtuse edges resist chipping better but dont hold their edge as long and dont cut as well. and yet millons of knives are being made out of 1.4116 (aisi 420mov?) Thanks in advance, Simon, For hard use everyday cutting in a packing company, Everything from fome, cardboard, tape, thick plastics, And plastic wrap that is against metal. I have an article that lists off the major mistakes often made in heat treating. The table shows combinations of knife steel properties for different classes of steel. : at a given toughness, magncut will have better edge retention in real life applications than s90v if it has optimal geometry (or maybe it wouldnt, just an example). It's like the difference between average 420HC and Buck's 420HC with the Bos heat treatment, only from a better starting point. its like with cars, most of them are not a corvette or a porsche. Around 61 Rc usually. Steels high in toughness are excellent for knives likely to see hard impacts, like large chopping knives. H1 and 420 also have excellent corrosion resistance but are limited to lower hardness and edge retention. A European powder-metal steel used in higher-end knives, Elmax has an advanced formula, and the result is a very good all-around steel, a generation ahead of formulations like 154CM. Three main characteristics differentiate steels from one another: corrosion resistance, hardness, and toughness. Oftentimes steels that are reported to be difficult to sharpen are in fact improperly heat treated and challenging to deburr. 14% of Chromium: Increases corrosion resistance and wear resistance. If you look at the chart you may notice that at high toughness levels if you increase edge retention by only a relatively small amount you get very big drops in toughness. Choose a factor below to start sorting. The unique process used to make LC 200N results in a fine-grain structure. (I think the 420HC estimate in that post was based on simulation or computer modeling, since you didnt spray testing any of the 400 series.) In a pocket knife the total amount of steel is rather small. But the true calling card of INFI is its insane toughness. Its not a particularly great cutter, being poor at retaining an edge. These steels are best for knives that dont see impacts and are some of the most difficult to sharpen. and corrosion resistance than the 420HC steel. In particular, I have found the ESEE/Rowen 1095 to be less likely to chip and better at holding an edge than the KA-BAR version even in knives with the same role, thickness, and blade length. Must-Have Bowie Knives for Your Collection, What is Micarta and What Makes It a Great Knife Handle, Top 8 Reasons Why Knives Make the Best Gifts, Pocket Clips: Carry Safely and Comfortably, Make a Knife Your Own with Accessories & Customization. Below shows charts summarizing tests of different steels for the major categories discussed so far, low alloy steels, high alloy non-stainless steels, and stainless steels. (Some crazy folks clean their Swiss Army knivesin adishwasher. Opinel Number 9 in carbon steel, and a Cold Steel Tanto Lite in their stainless steel. If the steel is overheated in austenitizing, very large reductions in toughness are possible. rex 121 The Vargo Sobata 398 is unlike any other knife on this list. D2 steel, on the other hand, is tool steel, and its knives shine on edge retention and wear resistance. Note:There is a powder-metal version called CPM154 thats purer than the non-powder version, making it easier for knifemakers to grind. Does that mean that companies like Tops, Kabar and ESEE would be better off using 420HC instead of 1095 on their fixed blades? I have two quick questions, At the end of the article I gave a list of reasons why I hadnt made my own ratings chart, two big reasons were: 1) I didnt yet have articles explaining what edge retention and toughness even is (this was early on in Knife Steel Nerds), 2) I didnt have good experimental numbers on many steels. However, I would argue that pure material removal is usually not the limiting step for ease in sharpening. On the positive side, they are very easy to forge and grind. Its hard to say. Wear resistance, be it high or low, is the most significant determining factor in ease of sharpening. 14C28N The Sandvik 14c28n steel is ideal for the manufacturing of steel knife blades. Im going to give the ratings first and then give more explanation about how the ratings were created. ApexUltra is a steel that we are working on that had excellent properties in small batch production (50 lbs). All three of these steels havechromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten components and will perform well in myriad tasks. This is the steel used in Swiss Army knives and is excellent for beginner sharpeners. Continue with Recommended Cookies. This steel is quite corrosion resistant and sharpens easily. The big difference in properties vs the low alloy steels, however, are the harder carbides that are found in these steels. there seems to be an optimal procedure for every alloy (provided its heat treated to industial standards). The 14C28N, on the other hand, is tougher. But if when youre searching for tough steel for your outdoor experience camping, or hunting, it would be perfect steel but not the best choice therere other steels with better than toughness that would suit your usage. I think they are complementary and you should watch/read both. 1) the cvn number is just that, a number. Different companies can vary some between each other making the same product, while a single company is going to be more consistent. Hi there, I used to work for a company that did reclaimed old growth lumber (swamp cedar, old growth pine and oak beams, etc) and we went through planer blades twice as fast as the cabinetry shop next door (turns out the neighbors like it when you put all the loud businesses together and far away), which mostly cut fresh cherry, oak, maple, hickory etc. They are usually chosen for their looks rather than performance. Everyone has their own opinion on what they deem the best folding EDC knife. Become a patron and gain access to awesome rewards including early access to articles or a Knife Steel Nerds mug! The big names in powder metallurgy are Crucible (CPM- steels), Carpenter (CTS- steels), Bohler Microclean (M390), and Uddeholm Superclean (Elmax, Vanax). Another common heat treating choice that is not even categorized as a mistake is tempering in the high temperature regime (~1000F) rather than the low temperature regime (~400F). With a high level ofedge retention, corrosion resistance, and toughness, it does most everything quite well.

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