[65]:16 By 1963, the North Vietnamese had sent 40,000 soldiers to fight in the south. [35]:106107 In December 1960, North Vietnam formally created the Viet Cong with the intent of uniting all anti-GVN insurgents, including non-communists. )2.4% of GDP (2020 est. [27], Apple and its partner carriers received 600,000 pre-orders for the iPhone 4 in the first 24 hours, the largest number of pre-orders Apple had received in a single day for any device up to that point. Fly to Liberty City and kill Marco Forelli and his men. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson had not been heavily involved with policy toward Vietnam;[128][A 10] however, upon becoming president, Johnson immediately focused on the war. The opponents were locked in a cycle of escalation. The National Security Agency ran a crash program to provide U.S. forces with a family of security equipment, codenamed NESTOR, fielding 17,000 units initially; eventually 30,000 units were produced. The campaign also focused on the Bnh Xuyn organized crime group, which was allied with members of the communist party secret police and had some military elements. "Vietnam War" is the most commonly used name in English. [261][262] Subic Bay and Clark Air Base achieved maximum functionality during the war, as well as supporting an estimated 80,000 locals in allied tertiary businesses that ranged from shoe making to prostitution. In March 1969 Nixon launched a massive secret bombing campaign, called Operation Menu, against communist sanctuaries along the Cambodia/Vietnam border. [103] However, because Jobs did not specify a time line for fixing the problem, and the offering for a free bumper only being a temporary solution, PC World decided to remove the iPhone 4 from its "Top 10 Cell Phones" chart and reassign it to a pending rating.[104]. In the early morning hours of 30 April, the last U.S. Marines evacuated the embassy by helicopter, as civilians swamped the perimeter and poured into the grounds. In Vietnamese, the war is generally known as the "Resistance war against the United States" (Khng chin chng M). )biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The defeat marked the end of French military involvement in Indochina. [162][163]:104 In Saigon, Viet Cong/PAVN fighters had captured areas in and around the city, attacking key installations and the neighbourhood of Cholon before US and ARVN forces dislodged them after three weeks. [372]:373, Kuzmarov in The Myth of the Addicted Army: Vietnam and the Modern War on Drugs challenges the popular and Hollywood narrative that US soldiers were heavy drug users,[399] in particular the notion that the My Lai massacre was caused by drug use. "[114] The quality of the South Vietnamese military, however, remained poor. Between 1964 and 1973, the U.S. dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the U.S. dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population. Both cameras make use of the tap to focus feature, part of iOS 4, for photo and video recording. If the enemy persisted, a period of twelve to eighteen months following Phase 2 would be required for the final destruction of enemy forces remaining in remote base areas. Tr appealed to Gip's superior, first secretary L Dun, who approved the operation. By ignoring ARVN units, the U.S. commitment became open-ended. [367] In 1977, United States president Jimmy Carter granted a full and unconditional pardon to all Vietnam-era draft dodgers with Proclamation 4483.[368]. [117]:2016 During the battle the South Vietnamese had lost 83 soldiers and 5 US war helicopters serving to ferry ARVN troops that had been shot down by Vietcong forces, while the Vietcong forces had lost only 18 soldiers. )consumption: 80.568 million metric tons (2020 est. VC/PAVN Attacks U.S. [29] Between 195,000 and 430,000 South Vietnamese civilians died in the war. [377] Meta-analyses of the most current studies on the association between Agent Orange and birth defects have found a statistically significant correlation such that having a parent who was exposed to Agent Orange at any point in their life will increase one's likelihood of either possessing or acting as a genetic carrier of birth defects. [361][362], By the war's end, 58,220 American soldiers had been killed,[A 8] more than 150,000 had been wounded, and at least 21,000 had been permanently disabled. FULRO fought against both the South Vietnamese and the Viet Cong, later proceeding to fight against the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the fall of South Vietnam. Douglas Pike estimated that insurgents carried out 2,000 abductions, and 1,700 assassinations of government officials, village chiefs, hospital workers and teachers from 1957 to 1960. [245], Romania was also among primary supporters of North Vietnam during the war in political, economic and military terms. [35]:35, During the Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954), U.S. carriers sailed to the Gulf of Tonkin and the U.S. conducted reconnaissance flights. [248] The first South Korean troops began arriving in 1964 and large combat formations began arriving a year later. Having transferred power to Trn Vn Hng on 21 April, he left for Taiwan on 25 April. To address this problem, the ANC released advertisements portraying women in the ANC as "proper, professional and well protected." [35]:106[9] Violence between the insurgents and government forces increased drastically from 180 clashes in January 1960 to 545 clashes in September. WordPress VIP provides everything you need to build and run best-in-class customer experiences at scale. He was against the deployment of American combat troops and observed that "to introduce U.S. forces in large numbers there today, while it might have an initially favorable military impact, would almost certainly lead to adverse political and, in the long run, adverse military consequences. The display of the iPhone 4 was manufactured by LG under an exclusive contract with Apple. It was additionally aimed at bolstering the morale of the South Vietnamese. North Vietnam had also invaded Laos in 1958 in support of insurgents, establishing the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply and reinforce the Viet Cong. [244], East German authorities had also begun providing material and technical aid to help develop and modernise the North Vietnamese economy and military. ), production: 8,438,095,000 cubic meters (2019 est. [253], Thai Army formations, including the Royal Thai Volunteer Regiment (Queen's Cobras) and later the Royal Thai Army Expeditionary Division (Black Panthers), saw action in South Vietnam between 1965 and 1971. Since the coronavirus outbreak began in China, new cases have been confirmed in more than 100 countries, with thousands of cases reported in South Korea, Italy and Iran and hundreds in the United States. Absolutely. Retake Madd Dogg's Crib and kill Big Poppa. Secondly, we didn't know our South Vietnamese allies And we knew less about North Vietnam. [195], In 1970, Nixon announced the withdrawal of an additional 150,000 American troops, reducing the number of Americans to 265,500. We will start everyone in town at a random position, moving at a random angle, and we will make one person sick. [52] With the iPhone expected to be used at a distance of about 12inches from the eyes, a higher resolution would allegedly have no effect on the image's apparent quality as the maximum potential of the human eye has already been met. Scientific reports have concluded that refugees exposed to chemical sprays while in South Vietnam continued to experience pain in the eyes and skin as well as gastrointestinal upsets. Myanmar is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and [327], On 2 July 1976, North and South Vietnam were merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. [229], Some Russian sources give more specific numbers: Between 1953 and 1991, the hardware donated by the Soviet Union included 2,000 tanks, 1,700 APCs, 7,000 artillery guns, over 5,000 anti-aircraft guns, 158 surface-to-air missile launchers, and 120 helicopters. South Korea claimed to have killed 41,000 Viet Cong. [96] The magazine rejected Apple's explanation after conducting tests in a controlled environment, and comparing the results against prior generations of iPhone. In the United States, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. note 1: extending 1,650 km north to south, the country is only 50 km across at its narrowest point note 2: Son Doong in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is the world's largest cave (greatest cross sectional area) and is the largest known cave passage in the world by volume; it currently measures a total of 38.5 million cu m (about 1.35 billion cu ft); it ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 9,570,300 tons (2011 est. During the land reform, testimony from North Vietnamese witnesses suggested a ratio of one execution for every 160 village residents, which extrapolated resulted in an initial estimation of nearly 100,000 executions nationwide. CrossRef external icon PubMed external icon Instead, civil government and military operations had virtually ceased. As the PAVN launched their attack, panic set in, and ARVN resistance withered. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. Following unsuccessful negotiations, the Viet Minh initiated an insurgency against French rule. [90]:6724 With U.S. bombings suspended, work on the Ho Chi Minh trail and other logistical structures could proceed unimpeded. [267] At the same time, approximately 20,000 Canadians crossed the U.S.-Canada border to illegally enlist in the U.S. Armed Forces for service in Vietnam, of which 134 died. [158]:110 The effects of U.S. bombing campaigns had mobilised the people throughout North Vietnam and mobilised international support for North Vietnam due to the perception of a super-power attempting to bomb a significantly smaller, agrarian society into submission. [208] Congress refused. It was such a problem that Apple made a formal apology onstage. Group 559 was tasked with expanding the Ho Chi Minh trail, in light of the near constant bombardment by US warplanes. The Viet Minh had confiscated large private landholdings, reduced rents and debts, and leased communal lands, mostly to poorer peasants. Neither the United States government nor Ng nh Dim's State of Vietnam signed anything at the 1954 Geneva Conference. The updated bumper is also compatible with iPhone 4S, the next-generation iPhone that has the same exterior design and measurements as the CDMA model of the iPhone 4, but with a SIM card slot as well. This effort to highlight the positive aspects of a nursing career reflected the feminism of the 1960s1970s in the United States. [79]:34951. Fly under the radar to Angel Pine and back within the time limit. [91]:19394,20203,21517, The domino theory, which argued that if one country fell to communism, then all of the surrounding countries would follow, was first proposed as policy by the Eisenhower administration. [134], The second "attack" led to retaliatory airstrikes, and prompted Congress to approve the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution on 7 August 1964. CJ wants Sweet to join him in his casino in Las Venturas and his business in San Fierro, but Sweet refuses and wants to re-establish the GSF territory, and with the help of CJ, they do. Some advocates within the peace movement advocated a unilateral withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam. The Paris Peace Accords of January 1973 saw all U.S. forces withdrawn;[69]:457 the Peace Accords were broken almost immediately, and fighting continued for two more years. All-female units were present throughout the entirety of the war, ranging from front-line combat troops to anti-aircraft, scout and reconnaissance units. [90]:6702. [305][306] American bases were ringed by bars and brothels. This time, Tr could travel on a drivable highway with regular fueling stops, a vast change from the days when the Ho Chi Minh trail was a dangerous mountain trek. [35]:3714[67]. [10] The iPhone 4 introduced Apple's new high-resolution "Retina Display" (with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch), while maintaining the same physical size and aspect ratio as its precursors, Apple's A4 system-on-chip, along with iOS 4which notably introduced multitasking functionality and app folders. [232], The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was a member of the Warsaw Pact and sent significant aid to North Vietnam, both prior to and after the Prague Spring. [395] 20,00062,000 Laotians also died,[57] and 58,281 U.S. military personnel were killed,[42] of which 1,584 are still listed as missing as of March 2021.[396]. [187]:1289 The U.S. Air Force continued to heavily bomb Cambodia in support of the Cambodian government as part of Operation Freedom Deal. $160billion adjusted for inflation in 2022) during the Vietnam War. Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia, total: 331,210 sq kmland: 310,070 sq kmwater: 21,140 sq km, about three times the size of Tennessee; slightly larger than New Mexico, total: 4,616 kmborder countries (3): Cambodia 1,158 km; China 1,297 km; Laos 2,161 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin, tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March), low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest, highest point: Fan Si Pan 3,144 mlowest point: South China Sea 0 mmean elevation: 398 m, antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land, agricultural land: 34.8% (2018 est. The Cambodians under both the pro-China King Sihanouk and the pro-American Lon Nol supported their fellow co-ethnic Khmer Krom in South Vietnam, following an anti-ethnic Vietnamese policy. [citation needed] However, heightened oil prices meant that many of these assets could not be adequately leveraged. Still, without any measures to slow it down, covid-19 will continue to spread exponentially for months. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [225] The Chinese began to withdraw in November 1968 in preparation for a clash with the Soviets, which occurred at Zhenbao Island in March 1969.[226]. It's a gateway to opportunities and jobs. )government consumption: 6.5% (2017 est. He was determined to "draw a line in the sand" and prevent a communist victory in Vietnam. Get the latest health news, diet & fitness information, medical research, health care trends and health issues that affect you and your family on ABCNews.com The likely number of actual cases in the U.S. is likely far higher because of problems with the coronavirus test and because many cases are so mild that those infected do not visit a doctor or hospital. [Sign up for our Coronavirus Updates newsletter to track the outbreak. [169], At one point in 1968, Westmoreland considered the use of nuclear weapons in Vietnam in a contingency plan codenamed Fracture Jaw, which was abandoned when it became known to the White House. The next day, the magazine altered their stance after encountering instances of dropped calls. [372]:172 Although acknowledging serious problems, he questions the alleged "near mutinous" conduct of junior officers and enlisted men in combat. [135]:78 The resolution granted the president power "to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression" and Johnson would rely on this as giving him authority to expand the war. [106], "iPhone 4G" redirects here. And access to essentials like groceries, healthcare, and polling places. [37], On January 11, 2011, Verizon Wireless announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA iPhone 4 in the United States, ending Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T. [A 12]. NOTE: Choose a Robbery mission listed below after the cutscene (Small Town Bank is recommended). [318] In the period up to the conventional phase in 1970, the Viet Cong and PAVN were primarily limited to 81mm mortars, recoilless rifles, and small arms and had significantly lighter equipment and firepower in comparison with the US arsenal. Nobody really knew. 4, pp. In one crucial respect, though, these simulations are nothing like reality: Unlike simulitis, covid-19 can kill. Tenpenny warns CJ to stay away from Big Smoke, otherwise Sweet, who was arrested, will suffer in prison. As South Vietnam was formally part of a military alliance with the US, Australia, New Zealand, France, the UK, Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines, the alliance was invoked during the war. Despite little progress, the U.S. continued a significant build-up of forces. With the air exit closed, large numbers of civilians found that they had no way out. Other sources report that the problem relates to Apple's inability to match the white colour of the front faceplate with that of the home button. Carl "CJ" Johnson is a character in the Grand Theft Auto series, appearing as the protagonist of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Years previously, the death of his brother, In response, the U.S. Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and gave President Lyndon B. Johnson broad authority to increase the U.S. military presence in Vietnam, without a formal declaration of war. "[95], Consumer Reports initially stated that the iPhone 4's signal issues are not "unique, and may not be serious" and it continued to mention that signal loss is a problem that is faced by the entire smartphone industry. [71], Various names have been applied to the conflict. [308] Many mixed-blood Amerasian children were left behind when their American fathers returned to the United States after their tour of duty in South Vietnam; 26,000 of them were permitted to immigrate to the United States in the 1980s and 1990s. Direct access to our data from your apps using any programing language. [35]:104 The last French soldiers left South Vietnam in April 1956. Purchase the Verdant Meadows airstrip in Bone County. The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. )23,312.5 (2018 est. Thieu was also accused of murdering Ky loyalists through contrived military accidents. ), -0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. Before he left for the South, Dng was addressed by L Dun: "Never have we had military and political conditions so perfect or a strategic advantage as great as we have now. Indochina had been a French colony from late 19th century to mid-20th century. It is the fourth generation of the iPhone lineup, succeeding the iPhone 3GS and preceding the 4S.Following a number of notable leaks, the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7, 2010, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, and was released on June 24, 2010, in the United [90]:340 Lodge, frustrated by the end of the year, cabled home about Minh: "Will he be strong enough to get on top of things?" Gain the affections of Millie Perkins to gain a keycard for the casino. [74] The announcement included information that had not been covered by Gizmodo. $798.21 billion (2020 est. )$775.67 billion (2019 est. [254] About 5,099 South Koreans were killed and 10,962 wounded during the war. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:7518. The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, music and literature in the participant countries. Drive to Grove Street from the mansion and witness the riot. "The holding will call into question many other regulations that protect consumers with respect to credit cards, bank accounts, mortgage loans, debt collection, credit reports, and identity theft," tweeted Chris Peterson, a former enforcement attorney at the CFPB who is now a law 4, p. 7. Using airspeed and direction, COSVN analysts would calculate the bombing target and tell any assets to move "perpendicularly to the attack trajectory." [42][failed verification] On April 27, 2011, Apple announced that it would be releasing the white iPhone 4 model on April 28, 2011, for both GSM and CDMA. Every WordPress.com plan includes hassle-free updates, reliable hosting, and spam protection. )note: most Vietnamese are culturally Buddhist. [302] Female combat squads were present in the Cu Chi theatre. Help Cesar in retaking the Varrios Los Aztecas territory from the Vagos. Amidst the dangerous rioters and fires, CJ manages to find Tenpenny and Smoke, kills Smoke, and chases Tenpenny until he gets into a car accident that kills him. Steal the blueprint for Caligula's Casino. Soviet crews fired Soviet-made surface-to-air missiles at U.S. F-4 Phantoms, which were shot down over Thanh Ha in 1965. Complete a time trial in a Monster Truck. [35] Likewise, Ho Chi Minh and other communist officials always won at least 99% of the vote in North Vietnamese "elections". As he remarked, "I still doubt that the North Vietnamese would have relented. [339], By 1975, the North Vietnamese had lost influence over the Khmer Rouge. [278] Such practice, which involved the assumption that any individual appearing in the designated zones was an enemy combatant that could be freely targeted by weapons, is regarded by journalist Lewis M. Simons as "a severe violation of the laws of war". [35]:515[175], U.S. president Richard Nixon began troop withdrawals in 1969. On 2 August 1964, USSMaddox, on an intelligence mission along North Vietnam's coast, allegedly fired upon and damaged several torpedo boats that had been stalking it in the Gulf of Tonkin. ), 15.69 births/1,000 population (2022 est. [158] The first few days were considered a success but the momentum had slowed after fierce resistance. [167][168] By then it had become the bloodiest year of the war up to that point. Soviet ships in the South China Sea gave vital early warnings to PAVN/VC forces in South Vietnam. [280]:251 One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many M Lais". troops. [294] According to Rummel, PAVN and Viet Cong troops killed 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000 (50,000 of which were reportedly killed by shelling and mortar on ARVN forces during the retreat to Tuy Hoa). Following a brief Chinese occupation in the early 1400s, the leader of Vietnamese resistance, LE Thai To, made himself emperor and established the Le Dynasty, which lasted until the late 18th century, although not without decades of political turmoil, civil war, and division. The number of confirmed cases is the highest total in Southeast Asia, and the 13th highest in the world. Chief among the proposed changes was the removal of Dim's younger brother Nhu, who controlled the secret police and special forces, and was seen as the man behind the Buddhist repression and more generally the architect of the Ng family's rule. [17] The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the raid as violating journalist source protection laws that forbid the seizure of journalist computers, as well as the suspicion that Apple had used its influence as a member of the steering committee, which is charged with direction and oversight of the California REACT task force to push police into action in a way that would not normally be conducted for this type of incident. China is closing everything, and we are closing things now, too, said Drew Harris, a population health researcher and assistant professor at The Thomas Jefferson University College of Public Health. The Chinese also began financing the Khmer Rouge as a counterweight to North Vietnam at this time. )3.5% (2017 est. Arrive at the cemetery in Temple and escape from a Ballas car using a BMX. Minh's regime was overthrown in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. To slow simulitis, lets try to create a forced quarantine, such as the one the Chinese government imposed on Hubei province, covid-19s ground zero. Plant explosive charges on the Sherman Dam, thus disabling the power during the upcoming heist. (approximately $9.85 billion), information is limited and varied; estimated 470,000 active duty troops (400,000 ground; 40,000 naval; 30,000 air); estimated 40,000 Border Defense Force and Coast Guard (2022), the PAVN is armed largely with weapons and equipment from Russia and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, Russia has remained the main supplier of newer PAVN military equipment, although in recent years Vietnam has purchased arms from more than a dozen other countries including Belarus, Israel, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; Vietnam has a limited defense industry (2021), 18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (in practice only men are drafted); service obligation is between 24 (Army, Air Defense) and 36 (Navy and Air Force) months (2022), the PAVN is the military arm of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and responsible to the Central Military Commission (CMC), the highest party organ on military policy; the CMC is led by the CPV General Secretary Vietnam has a security policy of non-alignment, commonly referred to as the 'three no's: no military alliances, no foreign bases or usage of the territory for military activities, and no siding with one country against another; however, in 2019, Vietnam noted that it would consider developing appropriate defense and security relations with other countries depending on circumstances (2022), the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; the number of reported incidents decreased from four in 2020 to one in 2021, Vietnam-Cambodia: Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; issues include casinos built in Cambodia near the border, narcotics trafficking, trafficking of women and children, petrol smuggling, illegal logging, and illegal migration; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; in December 2021, leaders from the two countries agreed to fully complete the remaining border demarcation and the upgrading of border checkpoints, Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos: Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities, Vietnam-China: an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; small territorial exchanges were made during the demarcation; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; cross border trafficking in women and children and illegal wildlife trade are problems along this border; In December 2021, China tightened its border controls over COVID concerns, restricting an important trade route for Vietnam, Vietnam-Laos: Laos opened a strategically important international border crossing with Vietnam in 2021, which will shorten the distance for goods and people transiting between Thailand and Vietnam, stateless persons: 30,581 (mid-year 2021); note - Vietnam's stateless ethnic Chinese Cambodian population dates to the 1970s when thousands of Cambodians fled to Vietnam to escape the Khmer Rouge and were no longer recognized as Cambodian citizens; Vietnamese women who gave up their citizenship to marry foreign men have found themselves stateless after divorcing and returning home to Vietnam; the government addressed this problem in 2009, and Vietnamese women are beginning to reclaim their citizenship, current situation: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Vietnam, and traffickers exploit Vietnamese abroad; Vietnamese men and women who migrate abroad for work may be subject to exploitation and illegally high fees from recruiters trapping them in debt bondage; traffickers subject victims to forced labor in construction, fishing, agriculture, mining, maritime industries, logging, and manufacturing, primarily in Taiwan, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Laos, Japan, and to a lesser extent, some parts of Europe and the UK; traffickers mislead Vietnamese women and children with fraudulent employment opportunities and sex traffick them to brothels on the borders of China, Cambodia, Laos, and elsewhere in Asia; traffickers use the Internet, gaming sites, and particularly social media to lure victims; domestic traffickers are sometimes family members or small-scale networks exploiting Vietnamese men, women, and children - including street children and children with disabilities - in forced labor as street beggars or in brick kilns and mines; child sex tourists from elsewhere in Asia and other countries exploit children; prisoners reportedly are forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and hazardous industries, such as cashew processingtier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Vietnam does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts include providing trafficking victims the right to legal representation in judicial proceedings, increasing the amount of shelter time for victims by one month, providing financial support, continuing large-scale awareness campaigns in vulnerable communities and to workers going overseas, and training law enforcement; however, fewer victims were identified or assisted and procedures remained slow and ineffective; provincial officials unfamiliar with anti-trafficking law impede anti-trafficking efforts; labor recruitment firms extorted illegal high fees from workers looking for overseas employment putting them at risk for forced labor; no investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of officials complicit in trafficking offenses were made (2020), transshipment point for transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) trafficking heroin, crystal methamphetamine, and ketamine throughout East Asia and the Pacific; approximately 90% of the illicit drugs in the country originate in Laos, Burma, and Thailand, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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