The amount of money paid the subject was varied. A rating of how persuasive and convincing the S was in what he said and the way in which he said it. According to Sternberg, the emotional and psychical arousal a person feels for another is the_______ component of love. "Cognitive consequences of forced compliance". Now Lilly says that classic rock is her favorite music, too. He doesn't run over to help her because he assumes there is probably someone else in the crowd who is a doctor or nurse and who can provide better assistance. From this point on, the procedure for all three conditions was once more identical. No problem, save it as a course and come back to it later. xref Identify the following terms or individuals and explain their significance: Which of the following is an example of indirect characterization? Festinger and Carlsmith - cognitive dissonance , Cognitive consequences of Forced Compliance. Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) conducted one of the first studies examining cognitive dissonance. Kelman (1953) tried to pursue the matter further. 49 0 obj Three conditions were run, Control, One Dollar, and Twenty Dollars as follows: If the S hesitated, the E said things like, "It will only take a few minutes," "The regular person is pretty reliable; this is the first time he has missed," or "If we needed you we could phone you a day or two in advance; if you couldn't make it of course, we wouldn't expect you to come." The One Dollar condition is higher than the other two. Please sign in to share these flashcards. If we once start making sacrifices for anythinga family, a religion, or a nationwe find that we cannot admit to ourselves that the sacrifices have been in vain without a threat to our personal identity. _______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility. Social Psychology 309 Multiple Choice for Final Exam - Quizlet All of the following are causes for groupthink EXCEPT. Psychology Chapter 12 Flashcards - Cram.com Discourage questions and alternate solutions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. Kenneth Boulding, an economist and past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, described a pattern that relates to cognitive dissonance. //document.getElementById('adblockmessage').style.display = 'block'; (The secretary had left the office.) endstream /Linearized 1.0 They were urged to cooperate in these interviews by being completely and honest. Imagine you are a participant in a famous experiment staged by the creative Festinger and his student J. Merrill Carlsmith (1959). In the other two conditions, however, the Ss told someone that these tasks were interesting and enjoyab1e. What similar but opposite statement appears in Hoffer's book The True Believer ? 0000012870 00000 n The results are weakly in line with what one would expect if the dissonance were somewhat reduced in this manner. The present experiment was listed as a two-hour experiment dealing with " Meas-ures of Performance." During the first week of the course, when the requirement of serving in experiments was announced and explained to the students, the instructor also told them about a study that the psychology department was conducting. This automatic assumption about the student's personality is an example of, The process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of other people is called. So, to avoid dissonance, the person likes you. Based on experiments by Festinger and Carlsmith, the idea that people are motivated to have consistent attitudes and behaviors. After two minutes the E returned, asked the girl to go into the experimental room, thanked the S for talking to the girl, wrote down his phone number to continue the fiction that we might call on him again in the future and then said: "Look, could we check and see if that fellow from introductory psychology wants to talk to you?". Eddie has made the _________. Underline the correct form of the modifier in parentheses in each sentence. Kenneth Boulding, an economist and past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, described a pattern that relates to cognitive dissonance. The new edition of Cognitive Dissonance: Re-examining a Pivotal Theory in Psychology contains 12 chapters and three appendices. In other words, a contradiction (dissonance) between attitude and behavior is uncomfortable, so it motivates a person to change behavior or attitudes (whichever is easier to change) to eliminate the contradiction. Half of them were offered $1 to do it, and half of them were offered $20. << Evanston, IL: Row & Peterson. Muzafer Sherif et al (1954), Plato, Socrates and Shakespeare endorse a "Tripartite Soul" view of Human Nature. The greater the reward offered (beyond what was necessary to elicit the behavior) the smaller was the effect. The people with whom a person identifies most strongly are called the________. The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution. % Hoffer, E. (1951) The True Believer. In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color. Alex was most likely engaging in________. On the other hand, people paid only $1 were more likely to say, when asked later, that the experiment was "not bad" or that it was "interesting.". Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 70 Years | Psychology Today Which of the following is not an element of social identity theory? "I didn't like the sermon at all today. The ratings were of course done in ignorance of which condition each S was in. He reasoned that if the person is induced to make an overt statement contrary to his private opinion by the offer of some reward, then the greater the reward offered, the greater should be the subsequent opinion change. This works (according to cognitive dissonance theory) because, once the person has put out time and energy to help you, the person must develop an attitude consistent with the behavior. (p.47) What are some practical implications of cognitive dissonance theory? Franklin said if you want someone to like you, get that person to do you a favor. Why this might have been the case is, of course, not immediately apparent. Mental patterns that represent what a person believes about certain types of people are called________. 0000001035 00000 n In Festinger and Carlsmith's experiment, 11 of the 71 responses were considered invalid for a couple of reasons. The average ratings on this question, presented in the first row of figures in Table 1, are the results most important to the experiment. they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable The said group served as the control group of the experiment. %%EOF asking people to work on separate projects but in the same room. The girl, an undergraduate hired for this role, said little until the S made some positive remarks about the experiment and then said that she was surprised because a friend of hers had taken the experiment the week before and had told her that it was boring and that she ought to try to get out of it. According to the social psychologist, the social comparison theory is the idea that there is a drive within individuals to search for outside images in order to evaluate their own opinions and abilities. The third asks whether that subject finds the activity important, again using the scale of 0 to 10. One Dollar condition. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Conformity In The Stanford Prison Experiment, Stereotypes: The Role Of Discrimination In Social Groups, Summary Of Stereotypes That Affect Social Interaction. If a person is induced to do or say something which is contrary to his private opinion, there will be a tendency for him to change his opinion so as to bring it into correspondence with what he has done or said. After completing the tasks, the participants were asked to persuade another student (who were already informed of the experiment confederates) into agreeing to participate. The present experiment was designed to test this derivation under controlled, laboratory conditions. An experiment by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) brought cognitive dissonance theory to the attention of American social psychologists. GzXfc^+"R89DP{va3'72IKmr(6*k&LCl7pK)rMTvlTx6Gdo-mnsU Procedure In this experiment, 71 male participants were given a series of nonsensical and boring tasks. Maria's fellow professor asked her to teach an honors class in the spring. In the third element of social identity theory, people use _______ to improve their self-esteem. When opposites attract it is said that they have_____ characteristics. The "Robber's Cave" experiment showed the value of _____in combating prejudice. So, to avoid dissonance, the person likes you. Control condition. The participants who were paid only $1 to perform the boring The behavioral component of prejudice is______. repeatedly turning pegs in a peg board for an hour. B. Do a site-specific Google search using the box below. The students presumably put some effort into building and defending their arguments. This was rated in the same way as for the content before the remark. Carlsmith performed an experiment regarding cognitive dissonance in When she gets up to play it at the recital in front of 100 people, she preforms it better than she ever has. Hoffer pointed out that, after the Nazis had started persecuting the Jews, it became easier for the average German citizen to hate the Jews. The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of, If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of the. Cognitive Dissonance | SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Which event or moment has the greatest effect on the author's decision to protest? The subjects were then again interviewed afterwards and were asked to rate four different areas of the experiment. endstream endobj startxref DISCUSSION. 2. The results from this question are shown in the last row of Table 1. It is clear from examining the table that, in all cases, the Twenty Dollar condition is slightly higher The differences are small, however, and only on the rating of "amount of time" does the difference between the two conditions even approach significance. Cognitive dissonance is when we experience conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes. Psy 301: Social Psychology 4. Jerry goes to a lot of dog races because he enjoys them and loves to see the dogs run. Then the commitments get more involved, such as donations of money and moving in the with the cult members. The hour which the S spent working on the repetitive, monotonous tasks was intended to provide, for each S uniformly, an experience about which he would have a somewhat negative opinion. He did this for one-half hour. Maria had fallen victim to the_______technique. are learned through experiences and contact with others, Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Abused children grow up to become abusers about one third of the time.

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